Lista fiável de ateus, agnósticos e afins
Meu espírito investigativo se incomodava com a enorme quantidade de listas suspeitas de ateus, agnósticos e irreligiosos que circulavam, e se multiplicam a cada dia, pela internet. Resolvi averiguar nome a nome para confirmar se os fulanos listados realmente poderiam ser considerados de uma forma ou de outra acerca de sua crença (ou melhor, descrença) em Deus.
Minhas extensas pesquisas trouxeram-me várias agradáveis surpresas (como ateu, é óbvio que comemorei cada nome que se juntava ao meu grupo) e algumas infelicidades (é decepcionante saber que alguém que você admira acredita em fantasias pueris). Elas foram feitas exclusivamente no mundo virtual e relevaram fontes fiáveis encontradas em enciclopédias online, sites de notícias e livros digitalizados. Independentemente da origem, essas fontes se dividem em dois tipos: as categóricas e as interpretativas.
As fontes categóricas se aplicam aos ateus, agnósticos, panteístas e irreligiosos em geral que “confessaram” abertamente suas não-crenças, não nos deixando dúvida. Afinal, se alguém disse, com todas as palavras, “sou ateu”, “não acredito em Deus” ou algo parecido, por que haveríamos de duvidar ?
As fontes interpretativas, por outro lado, dependem da interpretação que podemos fazer das opiniões expressas pelas pessoas em questão. Isso inclui a interpretação de suas visões sobre religião feita pelos biógrafos, sujeitos que estudaram a vida e a obra de uma personalidade e certamente têm mais conhecimento sobre ela que nós. Se um biógrafo diz, embasado em seus estudos sobre a vida de sicrano, que ele era ateu, não podemos ter certeza disso, mas também não temos grandes motivos para duvidar. É claro que, por serem interpretações, essas informações estão sujeitas a inferências, deduções, ilações, especulações e opiniões por parte de quem lê, mas, como os indivíduos sobre quem se fala já morreram, o melhor que podemos fazer para saber sua posição sobre Deus é analisar tudo que escreveram em vida e tentar depreender algo disso. Não é definitivo, eu sei, mas, quando possível, é a única opção.
Vale ressaltar que não peço que acreditem em mim cegamente, tampouco que considerem meu julgamento acima do erro. No que se refere às fontes interpretativas, posso, sim, ter cometido algum equívoco, mesmo tendo analisado cada informação encontrada com muita calma e imparcialidade (quando descobria algum teísta, era obrigado a aceitar o fato, mesmo desiludido). Na dúvida, faça suas próprias pesquisas e tranqüilize-se. Para encontrar a fonte desejada, pressione CTRL + F para abrir a busca na página e digite o sobrenome da pessoa.
Por último, é preciso lembrar que de forma alguma esta lista é completa. Para ser sincero, limitei-me a adicionar aqui apenas nomes que eu conhecia, os quais, modéstia à parte, são bastantes. Se houve um grande músico ateu ou químico agnóstico ou tenista irreligioso sobre o qual nunca ouvi falar, ele certamente não está aqui listado por ignorância minha. Isso implica, obviamente, uma quantidade muito maior de nomes ateus, agnósticos e irreligiosos do que esta minha lista compreende. Pode-se resumir assim: se está aqui, é ateu/agnóstico/panteísta/irreligioso; se não está, pode ser ou não, isto é, minha omissão não implica o teísmo ou a religiosidade do famoso omisso. [Caso você tenha alguma sugestão de personalidade importante a ser incluída, comente !]
Tendo explicado tudo isso, creio que só preciso agora esclarecer os termos utilizados nas classificações:
Ateus: não acreditam em nenhum deus.
Agnósticos: alegam que nosso conhecimento humano não é suficiente para se saber a verdade sobre Deus. Podem ser ateus, teístas ou nenhum dos dois. Aqui, considero “agnóstico” apenas essa terceira opção, ou seja, aqueles que realmente não emitem opinião sobre sua crença em deuses (não aceitam nem rejeitam a existência de algum deus, apenas admitem a possibilidade). Se o sujeito for um ateu agnóstico, como eu, ele será colocado em “Ateus”. Se for teísta agnóstico, ele não estará aqui porque esta lista não inclui crentes, apenas descrentes.
Panteístas: consideram a Natureza e as leis físicas do universo o que os teístas chamam de “Deus”. Não há, portanto, nenhum misticismo envolvido, nenhuma crença sobrenatural. Trata-se de uma visão filosófico-espiritual de admiração e respeito pelo enorme e impressionante cosmo em que vivemos, sem relação alguma com religiões e sem o envolvimento de autoridade e/ou fé.
Irreligiosos: sua posição sobre Deus é desconhecida, incerta ou ambígua (confusa/contraditória), mas demonstram clara evitação ou mesmo rejeição às religiões.
Agora sim; prepare seu coração e delicie-se:
Gênios eternos (cientistas, filósofos, escritores, pintores, compositores clássicos, acadêmicos e intelectuais em geral)
ATEUS
Friedrich Nietzsche (filósofo, crítico cultural, poeta, compositor e acadêmico alemão)
Arthur Schopenhauer (filósofo e professor acadêmico polaco/alemão)
Michel Foucault (filósofo, filólogo, crítico literário, teórico social e historiador das idéias francês)
Jean-Paul Sartre (filósofo, crítico literário, ativista político, escritor e dramaturgo francês)
Simone de Beauvoir (filósofa existencialista, teórica social, ativista política e escritora francesa, companheira de Sartre)
Auguste Comte (filósofo francês, um dos pais da Sociologia)
Gilles Deleuze (filósofo francês)
Jean Baudrillard (filósofo, sociólogo, teórico cultural, comentarista político e fotógrafo francês)
Albert Camus (filósofo, escritor e jornalista argelino/francês)
Sigmund Freud (neurologista e psicanalista austríaco, pai da Psicanálise)
Jacques Lacan (psicanalista e psiquiatra francês)
Carl Rogers (psicólogo estadunidense, um dos pais da Psicologia Humanista)
Erich Fromm (psicólogo, psicanalista, sociólogo e filósofo alemão)
Abraham Maslow (psicólogo estadunidense, famoso pela Hierarquia de Necessidades)
Leon Festinger (psicólogo estadunidense, pai da Teoria da Dissonância Cognitiva)
John B. Watson (psicólogo estadunidense, fundador do Behaviorismo)
B. F. Skinner (psicólogo, filósofo social, escritor e inventor estadunidense, um dos pais do Behaviorismo)
John Dewey (filósofo, psicólogo e reformista educacional estadunidense, um dos pais do Pragmatismo; possível agnóstico)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (pensador e teórico político francês, um dos pais do Anarquismo)
Mikhail Bakunin (anarquista revolucionário, ativista e escritor russo, um dos pais do Anarquismo)
Pyotr Kropotkin (filósofo, escritor, zoólogo, teórico evolucionista, economista, geógrafo e ativista anarquista russo)
Nikolay Chernyshevsky (filósofo materialista, crítico, democrata revolucionário e socialista russo)
Antonio Gramsci (filósofo, político, cientista político e teórico marxista italiano)
Ludwig Feuerbach (filósofo e antropólogo alemão)
Karl Marx (filósofo, sociólogo, economista, jornalista e socialista revolucionário, um dos pais do Comunismo)
Friedrich Engels (filósofo, cientista social, teórico político e escritor alemão, um dos pais do Comunismo)
Rosa Luxemburgo (filósofa, economista, teorista marxista e socialista revolucionária russa/polaca/alemã)
Jeremy Bentham (filósofo, jurista e reformista social inglês, fundador do Utilitarismo)
John Stuart Mill (filósofo e economista político inglês, filho de James Mill)
William Godwin (filósofo político, jornalista e escritor inglês)
Bertrand Russell (filósofo, lógico, matemático, historiador, escritor, crítico social e ativista político galês)
Noam Chomsky (linguista, filósofo, escritor, lógico, cientista cognitivo, comentarista político e ativista social estadunidense)
Ivan Pavlov (fisiologista russo, um dos pais do Behaviorismo)
Umberto Eco (filósofo, semiótico, crítico literário e escritor italiano)
György Lukács (filósofo, historiador da literatura e crítico húngaro)
Jürgen Habermas (filósofo e sociólogo alemão)
Jacques Derrida (filósofo argelino/francês)
Roland Barthes (filósofo, linguista, teórico literário, crítico e semiótico francês)
Jean-François Lyotard (filósofo, sociólogo e teórico literário francês)
Julia Kristeva (filósofa, socióloga, psicanalista, crítica literária e escritora francesa)
Ernst Bloch (filósofo alemão)
Claude Lévi-Strauss (antropólogo, etnólogo, filósofo e professor francês)
Richard Leakey (paleoantropólogo e político queniano)
Christopher Marlowe (dramaturgo, poeta e tradutor inglês, preso por acusação de ateísmo)
Marcel Proust (escritor e crítico francês)
André Breton (escritor e poeta francês)
Charles Baudelaire (poeta, escritor, crítico de arte e tradutor francês)
Anatole France (escritor, poeta, crítico, jornalista e cético francês, possível agnóstico)
José Saramago (escritor, poeta, teatrólogo, jornalista e dramaturgo português)
Pablo Neruda (poeta, diplomata e político chileno)
Italo Calvino (escritor e jornalista cubano/italiano)
Mia Couto (escritor e biólogo moçambicano)
Isaac Asimov (escritor e professor de bioquímica russo/estadunidense, famoso pelos livros de ficção científica Eu, Robô e O Homem Bicentenário)
George Orwell (escritor, jornalista e crítico inglês; nome verdadeiro: Eric Arthur Blair)
Virginia Woolf (escritora inglesa)
Leonard Woolf (escritor, teórico político e publicador inglês, marido de Virginia)
Ernest Hemingway (escritor e jornalista estadunidense)
George Bernard Shaw (dramaturgo irlandês)
Bertolt Brecht (dramaturgo e poeta alemão)
Percy Shelley (poeta inglês)
H. P. Lovecraft (escritor estadunidense)
Ayn Rand (escritora, filósofa e dramaturga russa/estadunidense)
Robert Louis Stevenson (escritor e poeta escocês)
Arthur C. Clarke (escritor, futurista, inventor e apresentador de TV inglês)
Douglas Adams (escritor e dramaturgo inglês)
Philip Pullman (escritor inglês)
John Fowles (escritor inglês)
Graham Greene (escritor inglês)
Jack London (autor, jornalista e ativista social estadunidense)
Gore Vidal (escritor estadunidense)
Philip Roth (escritor estadunidense)
Charles Bukowski (poeta e escritor alemão/estadunidense)
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (escritor estadunidense)
Anton Tchecov (escritor, dramaturgo e médico russo)
Vladimir Maiakóvski (poeta, dramaturgo e diretor de teatro russo)
Máximo Gorki (escritor, dramaturgo e ativista político russo, possível agnóstico)
Henrik Ibsen (escritor, poeta, dramaturgo e diretor de teatro norueguês)
Franz Kafka (escritor tcheco/austríaco)
Nikos Kazantzakis (escritor e filósofo grego, autor de Zorba, O Grego)
Richard Wagner (compositor clássico alemão)
Maurice Ravel (compositor clássico francês)
Georges Bizet (compositor clássico francês)
Hector Berlioz (compositor clássico francês)
Camille Saint-Saëns (compositor clássico francês)
Edgard Varèse (compositor clássico francês)
Pierre Boulez (compositor clássico, condutor, músico e escritor francês)
Sergei Prokofiev (compositor clássico russo)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (compositor clássico russo)
Dmitri Shostakovich (compositor clássico russo)
Béla Bartók (compositor clássico húngaro)
Leoš Janáček (compositor clássico tcheco)
Aram Khachaturian (compositor clássico georgiano/armênio)
Ferruccio Busoni (compositor clássico italiano)
Frederick Delius (compositor clássico inglês)
Percy Grainger (compositor clássico australiano)
Pablo Picasso (pintor, escultor, poeta e dramaturgo espanhol)
Vincent van Gogh (pintor neerlandês)
Claude Monet (pintor francês)
Henri Matisse (pintor, escultor e desenhista francês)
Marcel Duchamp (pintor, escultor e escritor francês)
Eugène Delacroix (pintor francês)
Frida Kahlo (pintora mexicana)
Diego Rivera (pintor mexicano, marido de Kahlo)
Denis Diderot (filósofo, escritor e crítico de arte francês, co-editor da Encyclopédie)
Jean d’Alembert (filósofo, físico, matemático e teórico musical francês, co-editor da Encyclopédie)
Paul-Henri Thiry, Barão d’Holbach (filósofo, enciclopedista e autor francês/alemão)
Jacques-André Naigeon (filósofo, artista, literário e editor francês)
Sylvain Maréchal (filósofo, acadêmico, escritor, poeta, jornalista e teórico político francês)
Marquês de Sade (filósofo, escritor, político revolucionário e aristocrata francês)
Julien la Mettrie (filósofo e médico francês)
Jean Meslier (sacerdote católico francês, famoso por seus escritos filosóficos pró-ateísmo descobertos postumamente)
Gaspard Monge (matemático francês)
Pierre-Simon Laplace (matemático, físico e astrônomo francês)
Pierre Louis Maupertuis (matemático, astrônomo, filósofo e intelectual francês)
Jacques Hadamard (matemático francês)
Laurent Schwartz (matemático francês)
John Nash (matemático estadunidense)
Claude Shannon (matemático, engenheiro eletrônico e criptógrafo estadunidense)
William Kingdon Clifford (matemático e filósofo inglês)
Frank P. Ramsey (matemático e filósofo inglês)
G. H. Hardy (matemático inglês)
Paul Erdős (matemático húngaro)
Alfred Tarski (matemático, lógico e filósofo polonês)
Hugo Steinhaus (matemático e educador polonês)
Oscar Zariski (matemático russo/estadunidense)
Nikolai Lobachevsky (matemático russo)
Andrey Markov (matemático russo)
Linus Pauling (químico, bioquímico, educador e autor estadunidense)
Alfred Nobel (químico, engenheiro e inventor norueguês; emprestou seu nome ao Prêmio Nobel)
Wilhelm Ostwald (químico letão/alemão)
Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (químico e inventor francês, famoso por ter inventado, junto a seu irmão Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, o balão de ar quente moderno, capaz de transportar passageiros)
Primo Levi (químico e escritor italiano, sobrevivente do holocausto judeu)
Harold Urey (químico físico estadunidense)
Vladimir Vernadsky (geoquímico e mineralogista russo/ucraniano)
Christian Bohr (médico dinamarquês, pai de Niels Bohr)
Niels Bohr (físico dinamarquês)
Erwin Schrödinger (físico austríaco)
Victor Weisskopf (físico teórico austríaco/estadunidense)
Stephen Hawking (físico teórico, cosmólogo e autor inglês)
Richard Feynman (físico teórico estadunidense)
Roger Penrose (físico matemático, matemático e filósofo da ciência inglês)
Paul Dirac (físico teórico inglês)
Alan Turing (matemático, lógico, criptoanalista, filósofo e cientista da computação inglês)
Peter Higgs (físico teórico inglês, conhecido como um dos teóricos do Bóson de Higgs)
James Chadwick (físico inglês, descobridor do nêutron)
Philip Warren Anderson (físico estadunidense)
Pierre Curie (físico francês)
Irène Joliot-Curie (física e química francesa, filha de Marie e Pierre Curie)
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (físico francês, marido de Irène)
Lev Landau (físico russo)
Yakov Borisovich Seldovich (físico bielorruso)
Hans Bethe (físico nuclear alemão/estadunidense)
Frank Oppenheimer (físico e professor estadunidense, irmão mais novo de Robert Oppenheimer)
Ernst Mach (físico e filósofo austríaco)
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (físico e químico francês)
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (astrofísico indiano/estadunidense)
Eugene Wigner (físico teórico e matemático húngaro/estadunidense)
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (físico inglês)
Steven Weinberg (físico teórico estadunidense)
Lawrence M. Krauss (físico e cosmólogo estadunidense)
Brian Greene (físico teórico estadunidense)
Brian Cox (físico e professor inglês)
Victor J. Stenger (físico, filósofo e escritor estadunidense)
Leonard Susskind (físico teórico estadunidense)
Lee Smolin (físico teórico estadunidense)
Joseph Weber (físico estadunidense)
Kip Thorne (físico teórico estadunidense)
John Stewart Bell (físico irlandês)
Jim Al-Khalili (físico teórico e autor iraquiano/britânico)
Sean Carroll (cosmólogo e professor universitário de física estadunidense)
Fritz Zwicky (astrônomo suíço)
Jérôme Lalande (astrônomo e escritor francês)
Richard Francis Burton (explorador, geógrafo, tradutor, escritor, soldado, orientalista, cartógrafo, etnologista, espião, linguista, poeta, esgrimista e diplomata inglês)
Cesare Lombroso (criminologista e médico italiano, fundador da Escola Italiana de Criminologia)
Paul Broca (médico, anatomista e antropólogo francês)
George Santayana (filósofo, escritor e poeta espanhol/estadunidense)
Jean-François Revel (filósofo, jornalista e autor francês)
Bernard Williams (filósofo moralista inglês)
Max Stirner (filósofo alemão)
Bruno Bauer (filósofo e historiador alemão)
Moritz Schlick (filósofo e físico alemão, proponente do Positivismo Lógico e fundador do Círculo de Viena)
Ludwig Büchner (filósofo, fisiologista e médico alemão)
Slavoj Žižek (filósofo e crítico cultural esloveno)
Kazimierz Łyszczyński (filósofo, nobre, latifundiário e soldado lituano/polonês, acusado de ateísmo e torturado, decapitado e queimado pela Igreja)
Sébastien Faure (ativista anarquista, secularista e livre-pensador francês)
William Thompson (escritor político e filosófico e reformista social irlandês)
Herbert A. Simon (cientista político, economista, sociólogo e psicólogo estadunidense)
Murray Rothbard (economista, teórico político e historiador revisionista estadunidense)
Samuel Edward Konkin III (economista e filósofo canadense)
James D. Watson (biólogo molecular, geneticista e zoólogo estadunidense, co-descobridor da estrutura do ADN humano)
Craig Venter (bioquímico e geneticista estadunidense, um dos responsáveis por sequenciar o genoma humano)
Ian Wilmut (embriologista inglês, responsável pela clonagem da ovelha Dolly)
J. B. S. Haldane (biólogo evolucionista, geneticista e fisiologista inglês)
Aleksandr Oparin (bioquímico russo, proponente de teorias sobre a origem da vida)
Peter Medawar (biólogo brasileiro/britânico)
Julian Huxley (biólogo evolucionista e geneticista inglês, neto de Thomas Huxley)
Alfred Kinsey (biólogo, sexólogo e professor de entomologia e zoologia estadunidense)
John Maynard Smith (biólogo evolucionista e geneticista inglês)
Jacques Monod (biólogo francês)
Fritz Müller (biólogo alemão)
Nikolai Vavilov (botânico e geneticista russo)
Matt Ridley (zoólogo, autor, jornalista, político e empresário inglês)
Desmond Morris (zoólogo, etólogo e sociobiólogo inglês)
David Suzuki (zoólogo, divulgador científico e ativista ambiental canadense)
Steve Jones (geneticista galês)
Steven Pinker (psicólogo, cientista cognitivo, linguista e autor canadense/estadunidense)
Oliver Sacks (neurologista e autor inglês)
Michael Shermer (historiador da ciência, escritor científico e editor estadunidense)
Sam Harris (neurocientista, filósofo e autor estadunidense, conhecido como um dos “4 Cavaleiros do Ateísmo”)
Richard Dawkins (biólogo evolucionista, etólogo e autor inglês, conhecido como um dos “4 Cavaleiros do Ateísmo”)
Daniel Dennett (filósofo, cientista cognitivo e autor estadunidense, conhecido como um dos “4 Cavaleiros do Ateísmo”)
Edgar Morin (filósofo e sociólogo francês)
Willard Van Orman Quine (filósofo e lógico estadunidense)
J. J. C. Smart (filósofo e acadêmico inglês)
Mario Bunge (filósofo e físico argentino)
Michel Onfray (filósofo francês)
Alain de Botton (filósofo, escritor e apresentador de TV suíço/britânico)
A. C. Grayling (filósofo zambiano/britânico)
Peter Singer (filósofo moralista e professor acadêmico australiano)
David Chalmers (filósofo da mente australiano)
Michael Ruse (filósofo da ciência inglês)
Leonard Peikoff (filósofo canadense/estadunidense, defensor e propagador do Objetivismo)
André Comte-Sponville (filósofo francês)
John Searle (filósofo e professor estadunidense)
Corliss Lamont (filósofo, autor, professor, político, filantropo e ativista político e social estadunidense)
Colin McGinn (filósofo inglês)
Paul Kurtz (filósofo, humanista secular e cético científico estadunidense)
Eugenie Scott (antropóloga estadunidense)
Irvin D. Yalom (psiquiatra existencialista estadunidense)
Daniel Everett (linguista, professor acadêmico, autor e ex-missionário estadunidense)
David Starkey (historiador e apresentador inglês)
Camille Paglia (acadêmica e crítica social estadunidense)
Georges Bataille (escritor e intelectual francês)
Robert M. Price (teólogo e escritor estadunidense)
Empédocles (filósofo pré-socrático grego)
Aristófanes (dramaturgo grego)
Teodoro de Cirene (filósofo grego)
Evêmero (mitógrafo e escritor grego)
Diágoras de Melos (poeta e sofista grego)
Chuang Tzu (filósofo chinês)
Sidarta Gautama (sábio nepalês, mais conhecido como Buda)
Osho (guru indiano; nome verdadeiro: Rajneesh Chandra Mohan Jain)
AGNÓSTICOS
Albert Einstein (físico teórico alemão; auto-identificou-se como agnóstico e como panteísta)
Charles Darwin (naturalista e geólogo inglês)
Immanuel Kant (filósofo alemão)
James Mill (filósofo, economista, teórico político e historiador escocês, pai de John Stuart Mill)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (filósofo austríaco/britânico)
Martin Heidegger (filósofo alemão; há controvérsias sobre suas crenças; possível ateu)
Émile Durkheim (sociólogo, psicólogo social e filósofo francês)
Zygmunt Bauman (sociólogo polonês)
Robert Oppenheimer (físico teórico estadunidense, conhecido como diretor científico do Projeto Manhattan)
Marie Curie (física e química polonesa)
Józef Rotblat (físico polonês)
C. V. Raman (físico indiano)
August Kekulé (químico orgânico alemão)
Karl Popper (filósofo e professor austríaco/britânico)
Nikola Tesla (inventor, físico, engenheiro e futurista sérvio/croata)
Carl Sagan (astrônomo, cosmólogo, astrofísico, astrobiólogo e escritor estadunidense)
Henri Poincaré (matemático, físico teórico e filósofo da ciência francês)
Alfred Russel Wallace (biólogo, naturalista, antropologista, geógrafo, explorador inglês, conhecido por ter proposto a teoria da evolução por seleção natural independentemente de Darwin)
Thomas Huxley (biólogo inglês, criador do termo “agnosticismo”)
Aldous Huxley (escritor e filósofo inglês, neto de Thomas Huxley)
Andrew Huxley (fisiologista e biofísico inglês, neto de Thomas Huxley)
James Joyce (escritor e poeta irlandês)
Arthur Conan Doyle (escritor e médico escocês, famoso por Sherlock Holmes)
Thomas Hardy (escritor e poeta inglês)
John Keats (poeta romântico inglês)
Mary Shelley (escritora inglesa, famosa por Frankenstein)
Mark Twain (escritor e satirista estadunidense; nome verdadeiro: Samuel Clemens)
John Steinbeck (escritor estadunidense)
Samuel Beckett (dramaturgo, poeta e escritor irlandês)
Eugene O’Neill (dramaturgo estadunidense)
Arthur Miller (dramaturgo e ensaísta estadunidense)
Vladimir Nabokov (escritor russo/estadunidense)
Ivan Turgenev (escritor e dramaturgo russo, possível ateu)
Jorge Luis Borges (escritor, poeta e tradutor argentino)
Mario Vargas Llosa (escritor, jornalista, professor e político peruano)
Fernando Pessoa (poeta e escritor português)
Stendhal (escritor francês; nome verdadeiro: Henri-Marie Beyle)
Giuseppe Verdi (compositor clássico italiano, possível ateu)
Johannes Brahms (compositor clássico alemão, possível ateu)
Franz Schubert (compositor clássico austríaco)
Gustav Mahler (compositor clássico austríaco, possível panteísta)
Gustav Holst (compositor clássico inglês)
Gabriel Fauré (compositor clássico francês)
Aaron Copland (compositor clássico estadunidense)
Benjamin Britten (compositor clássico inglês)
Ralph Vaughan Williams (compositor clássico inglês)
Émile Zola (escritor francês)
Salvador Dalí (pintor surrealista espanhol)
René Magritte (artista surrealista belga)
Edvard Munch (pintor norueguês)
Georges Braque (pintor, desenhista e escultor francês)
William James (filósofo, psicólogo e médico estadunidense, um dos pais do Pragmatismo, possível panteísta)
Herbert Spencer (filósofo, biólogo, antropólogo, sociólogo e teórico político inglês)
Karl Jaspers (filósofo e psiquiatra alemão)
Edmund Husserl (filósofo alemão, fundador da Fenomenologia)
G. E. Moore (filósofo inglês, um dos pais da Filosofia Analítica)
Emil Cioran (filósofo e escritor romeno)
Francis Galton (sociólogo, psicólogo, antropólogo, explorador, geógrafo e inventor inglês, primo de Charles Darwin)
James George Frazer (antropólogo escocês)
Rudolf Virchow (antropólogo, biólogo, médico, patologista e historiador alemão)
Joseph Campbell (mitólogo, escritor e palestrante estadunidense)
Ted Nelson (sociólogo, filósofo e pioneiro da Tecnologia da Informação estadunidense)
Robert Owen (reformista social e industrialista galês, um dos fundadores do Socialismo)
John Maynard Keynes (economista inglês)
Milton Friedman (economista, estatístico e escritor estadunidense)
Friedrich Hayek (economista e filósofo austro-húngaro/britânico)
David Hilbert (matemático alemão)
Stanisław Ulam (matemático polonês/estadunidense)
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (matemático e astrônomo italiano; possível ateu)
Alan Sokal (matemático e físico estadunidense)
Edwin Hubble (astrônomo estadunidense, inspiração para o nome do telescópio Hubble)
Enrico Fermi (físico italiano)
Leó Szilárd (físico e inventor húngaro/estadunidense)
John von Neumann (físico, matemático e inventor húngaro/estadunidense)
Wolfgang Pauli (físico teórico austríaco/suíço)
Mark Oliphant (físico australiano)
Albert A. Michelson (físico estadunidense)
Alexander Graham Bell (cientista, inventor e engenheiro escocês)
Hermann von Helmholtz (médico, físico, filósofo e psicólogo alemão)
Claude Bernard (fisiologista e médico francês)
Rosalind Franklin (química e cristalógrafa inglesa)
David Attenborough (naturalista e apresentador de TV inglês)
Stephen Jay Gould (paleontólogo, biólogo evolucionista e historiador da ciência estadunidense)
Neil deGrasse Tyson (astrofísico, cosmólogo e autor estadunidense)
Francis Crick (biólogo molecular, biofísico e neurocientista inglês, co-descobridor do ADN; segundo suas palavras, um “agnóstico com fortes inclinações atéias”)
John Logie Baird (engenheiro e inventor escocês, conhecido pela invenção da TV)
Konrad Zuse (inventor, pioneiro da computação e engenheiro civil alemão)
Bart Ehrman (estudioso do Novo Testamento e escritor estadunidense)
Confúcio (filósofo, professor e político chinês)
Lao Tzu (filósofo e poeta chinês, suposto autor do Tao Te Ching; possível panteísta)
Epicuro (filósofo grego)
Demócrito (filósofo pré-socrático grego, lembrado pela formulação da teoria atômica do universo)
Protágoras (filósofo pré-socrático grego)
Lucrécio (filósofo e poeta romano, possível ateu)
Teofrasto (filósofo grego)
Leucipo (filósofo grego, possível panteísta ou ateu)
Tucídides (filósofo político, historiador e general grego)
Crítias (escritor e político grego)
Pirro de Élis (filósofo grego)
PANTEÍSTAS
Albert Einstein (físico teórico alemão; auto-identificou-se como agnóstico e como panteísta)
Baruch Espinoza (filósofo neerlandês, possível ateu)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (filósofo alemão)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (escritor e estadista alemão)
Ludwig van Beethoven (compositor clássico alemão)
Claude Debussy (compositor clássico francês)
Giordano Bruno (frade, filósofo, matemático e escritor italiano, acusado de heresia e queimado pela Igreja)
Carl Jung (psiquiatra suíço, fundador da Psicologia Analítica)
Liev Tolstói (escritor russo)
Hermann Hesse (escritor, poeta e pintor alemão)
D. H. Lawrence (escritor, poeta e dramaturgo inglês)
Friedrich Schelling (filósofo alemão)
Thomas Alva Edison (inventor e empresário estadunidense)
Henry David Thoreau (escritor, poeta, filósofo, naturalista e historiador estadunidense)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (poeta e escritor estadunidense)
Walt Whitman (poeta, escritor e jornalista estadunidense)
Felix Klein (matemático alemão)
Michio Kaku (físico teórico estadunidense)
Leonard Mlodinow (físico e escritor estadunidense)
Stuart Kauffman (biólogo teórico, médico e pesquisador estadunidense)
Heráclito de Éfeso (filósofo pré-socrático grego, possível ateu)
IRRELIGIOSOS
Leonardo Da Vinci (pintor, escultor, desenhista, arquiteto, matemático, engenheiro, cientista, astrônomo, geólogo, cartógrafo, inventor, anatomista, músico, historiador e escritor italiano)
David Hume (filósofo, historiador, economista, diplomata e escritor escocês, acusado de ateísmo e ceticismo; há divergências sobre suas crenças, tendo sido chamado de agnóstico, ateu, cético, irreligioso, deísta e teísta fraco/não-ortodoxo)
Thomas Hobbes (filósofo inglês, acusado de ateísmo)
David Ricardo (economista inglês, um dos pais da Economia)
Ernest Rutherford (físico neozelandês/britânico)
Richard Strauss (compositor clássico alemão, possível agnóstico)
Gioachino Rossini (compositor clássico italiano)
Niccolò Paganini (compositor clássico e músico italiano, possível ateu)
Robert Burns (poeta escocês)
Emily Dickinson (poetisa estadunidense; provavelmente espiritual, mas não religiosa no sentido comum e bastante cética em vários sentidos)
George Eliot (escritora inglesa; nome verdadeiro: Mary Ann Evans; possível atéia)
Herman Melville (escritor e poeta estadunidense, famoso por Moby Dick)
Edgar Degas (pintor, escultor e desenhista francês)
Auguste Rodin (escultor francês)
Jean Piaget (psicólogo e filósofo suíço, proponente da Teoria Cognitiva; possível agnóstico)
Lev Vygotsky (psicólogo bielorrusso, proponente da Teoria Sócio-Histórica)
Henry Cavendish (cientista, físico, químico e filósofo natural francês/inglês, possível ateu)
Hendrik Lorentz (físico neerlandês, livre-pensador)
Johannes Wislicenus (químico alemão)
Russell Alan Hulse (físico estadunidense)
Edward Gibbon (historiador, escritor e político inglês)
Lucilio Vanini (filósofo, médico e livre-pensador italiano, acusado de ateísmo e queimado pela Igreja)
Étienne Dolet (acadêmico, escritor, tradutor e publicador francês, acusado de ateísmo e queimado pela Igreja)
Personalidades populares (atores, músicos, esportistas, jornalistas, políticos etc.)
ATEUS
Bruce Lee (lutador de artes marciais e ator estadunidense/chinês)
Choi Hong-Hi (lutador de artes marciais e militar coreano, um dos pais do Taekwondo)
Johan Cruijff (futebolista e treinador neerlandês)
Lance Armstrong (ciclista estadunidense)
Fernando Alonso (piloto de F1 espanhol)
Kohei Uchimura (ginasta olímpico japonês considerado um dos melhores do mundo)
Savielly Tartakower (enxadrista grão-mestre russo/polonês/francês)
Hugh Laurie (ator e comediante inglês, famoso por interpretar Gregory House)
Stephen Fry (ator e comediante inglês)
Eric Idle (ator e comediante inglês, membro do Monty Python)
Griff Rhys Jones (ator e comediante galês)
Daniel Radcliffe (ator inglês, famoso por interpretar Harry Potter)
Daniel Craig (ator inglês, famoso por interpretar James Bond de 2006 a 2015)
Cillian Murphy (ator irlandês)
Ian McKellen (ator inglês)
Burt Lancaster (ator estadunidense)
Richard Burton (ator galês)
Dario Fo (ator, diretor, roteirista e artista italiano)
Jack Nicholson (ator estadunidense)
Gene Wilder (ator estadunidense)
Peter Fonda (ator estadunidense, filho de Henry Fonda)
Joaquín Phoenix (ator estadunidense)
James Purefoy (ator inglês)
Keira Knightley (atriz inglesa)
Kevin Bacon (ator estadunidense)
Kevin Kline (ator estadunidense)
John Malkovich (ator estadunidense)
Morgan Freeman (ator estadunidense, o próprio Deus em “O Todo Poderoso”)
Christopher Reeve (ator estadunidense, famoso por interpretar o Super-Homem)
Bob Hoskins (ator inglês)
Jodie Foster (atriz estadunidense)
Julianne Moore (atriz estadunidense)
Helen Mirren (atriz inglesa)
Emma Thompson (atriz inglesa)
Katharine Hepburn (atriz estadunidense)
Butterfly McQueen (atriz estadunidense)
Javier Bardem (ator espanhol)
Jack Black (ator e músico estadunidense, membro do Tenacious D)
Seth Green (ator estadunidense)
Paul Giamatti (ator estadunidense)
David Cross (ator estadunidense)
Ray Romano (ator estadunidense, famoso pela série Everybody Loves Raymond)
Alan Cumming (ator escocês)
Paul Bettany (ator inglês)
Guy Pearce (ator inglês/australiano)
Amber Heard (atriz estadunidense)
Ellen Page (atriz canadense)
Stellan Skarsgård (ator sueco)
Seth MacFarlane (diretor e produtor de desenhos estadunidense, criador de Family Guy e American Dad)
Matt Stone (animador, roteirista, produtor e diretor estadunidense, co-criador do South Park)
Stéphane Charbonnier (cartunista e jornalista francês mais conhecido como Charb, ex-diretor da revista cômica Charlie Hebdo; morto no atentado terrorista muçulmano de Janeiro de 2015)
Georges Wolinski (cartunista e escritor de quadrinhos tunisiano/francês, da revista cômica Charlie Hebdo; morto no atentado terrorista muçulmano de Janeiro de 2015)
W. C. Fields (comediante, ator e escritor estadunidense)
George Carlin (comediante estadunidense)
Bill Maher (comediante e apresentador de TV estadunidense)
Billy Crystal (comediante, ator, escritor e produtor estadunidense)
Will Ferrell (comediante e ator estadunidense)
Billy Connolly (comediante e ator escocês)
Ricky Gervais (comediante, ator, roteirista, produtor e diretor inglês)
Eddie Izzard (comediante inglês)
Simon Pegg (comediante, ator e roteirista inglês)
Nick Frost (comediante, ator e roteirista inglês)
Ben Elton (roteirista, autor, ator e diretor inglês, conhecido pelos roteiros de séries humorísticas como Blackadder e Mr. Bean)
Orson Welles (diretor, ator, produtor e escritor estadunidense)
Stanley Kubrick (diretor estadunidense)
James Cameron (diretor canadense)
Ridley Scott (diretor inglês)
Woody Allen (ator e diretor estadunidense)
Clint Eastwood (ator e diretor estadunidense)
Steven Soderbergh (diretor estadunidense)
John Carpenter (diretor, produtor e roteirista estadunidense)
John Landis (diretor estadunidense)
Joss Whedon (diretor, produtor e roteirista estadunidense)
Roman Polanski (diretor francês/polonês)
Luis Buñuel (diretor espanhol/mexicano)
Werner Herzog (diretor e ator alemão)
Fritz Lang (diretor impressionista alemão/austríaco)
Sergei Eisenstein (diretor russo)
Pier Paolo Pasolini (diretor italiano)
Michelangelo Antonioni (diretor, roteirista e escritor italiano)
François Truffaut (diretor francês)
Quentin Tarantino (diretor estadunidense)
Lars von Trier (diretor dinamarquês)
Theo van Gogh (diretor neerlandês morto por muçulmanos após filme polêmico sobre o islamismo)
Jeremy Clarkson (apresentador de TV inglês)
Larry King (apresentador de TV estadunidense)
James Lipton (apresentador de TV, escritor, compositor e ator estadunidense)
Howard Stern (apresentador de rádio e de TV estadunidense)
Adam Savage (apresentador de TV estadunidense, membro dos Mythbusters)
Jamie Hyneman (apresentador de TV estadunidense, membro dos Mythbusters)
Kari Byron (apresentadora de TV e artista, membro dos Mythbusters)
Penn Jillette (mágico ilusionista, ator, comediante, escritor e apresentador estadunidense, da dupla de ilusionismo Penn & Teller)
Teller (mágico ilusionista, ator, comediante, escritor e apresentador estadunidense, da dupla de ilusionismo Penn & Teller)
James Randi (mágico ilusionista e cético científico canadense)
David Gilmour (músico inglês, guitarrista do Pink Floyd)
Nick Mason (músico inglês, baterista do Pink Floyd)
Roger Waters (músico inglês, baixista do Pink Floyd)
Harry Waters (músico inglês, filho de Roger Waters)
Bob Geldof (músico irlandês, organizador do Live Aid e do Live 8)
Brian Eno (músico inglês)
Gary Numan (músico inglês)
Eric Woolfson (músico inglês, membro do Alan Parsons Project)
Micky Dolenz (músico estadunidense, membro do The Monkees)
Robert Smith (cantor inglês, membro do The Cure)
Geddy Lee (músico canadense, baixista do Rush)
Mick Jagger (cantor inglês, vocalista dos Rolling Stones)
Björn Ulvaeus (músico sueco, membro do ABBA)
Björk (cantora islandesa)
Johnny Rotten (cantor inglês, vocalista dos Sex Pistols; nome verdadeiro: John Lydon)
Billy Joel (músico estadunidense)
Eddie Vedder (músico estadunidense, vocalista do Pearl Jam)
Matt Bellamy (músico inglês, membro do Muse)
Momus (músico, escritor e jornalista escocês; nome verdadeiro: Nicholas Currie)
Randy Newman (músico estadunidense)
Frank Zappa (músico estadunidense)
Frank Sinatra (cantor estadunidense)
Jacques Brel (cantor-compositor belga)
Richard Rodgers (compositor estadunidense, famoso pela parceria com Oscar Hammerstein)
Anton Rubinstein (músico, compositor e maestro russo)
Iannis Xenakis (músico, compositor, teórico musical e arquiteto/engenheiro grego/francês)
Leon Trotsky (político e revolucionário russo)
Vladimir Lênin (político e revolucionário russo)
Ernesto Che Guevara (médico, diplomata, escritor, guerrilheiro e revolucionário argentino)
Simón Bolívar (líder político e militar venezuelano)
Salvador Allende (político chileno, 29º presidente do Chile)
José Mujica (político uruguaio, 40º presidente do Uruguai)
Mário Soares (político português, 17º presidente de Portugal)
Mikhail Gorbachev (político russo, 8º líder da União Soviética)
Miloš Zeman (político tcheco, 3º presidente da República Tcheca)
David Ben-Gurion (político polonês/russo, 1º primeiro-ministro de Israel)
Julia Gillard (política galesa/australiana, 27ª primeira-ministra da Austrália)
Julian Assange (programador e jornalista australiano, famoso pelo WikiLeaks)
Jimmy Wales (empresário estadunidense, co-fundador da Wikipédia)
Steve Wozniak (inventor e empresário estadunidense, co-fundador da Apple Inc.)
Richard Branson (empresário, investidor e filantropo inglês, fundador da Virgin)
George Soros (investidor, empresário e filantropo húngaro/estadunidense)
Dana White (empresário estadunidense, presidente do Ultimate Fighting Championship)
Charles Bradlaugh (político e ativista inglês)
Emma Goldman (escritora e ativista política anarquista russa/lituana)
Alexander Berkman (escritor e ativista político anarquista russo)
Harriet Martineau (crítica social e escritora inglesa)
Margaret Sanger (escritora, sexóloga, enfermeira e ativista do controle de natalidade estadunidense)
Christopher Hitchens (jornalista, crítico e autor inglês, conhecido como um dos “4 Cavaleiros do Ateísmo”)
Douglas Murray (jornalista, autor e comentarista político inglês)
Eduardo Galeano (jornalista e escritor uruguaio)
George R. R. Martin (escritor estadunidense, famoso pela série As Crônicas de Gelo e Fogo)
Stieg Larsson (jornalista e autor sueco, famoso pela série Millennium)
Terry Pratchett (autor estadunidense, famoso pela série Discworld)
Ian McEwan (escritor e roteirista inglês)
Salman Rushdie (autor indiano/britânico ameaçado de morte por muçulmanos por causa de um livro sobre o islamismo)
Susan Blackmore (autora, palestrante e articulista inglesa)
Robert Cailliau (engenheiro de informática e cientista da computação belga, co-desenvolvedor da World Wide Web)
Linus Torvalds (engenheiro de software finlandês, desenvolvedor do Linux)
Warren Allen Smith (ativista e escritor estadunidense)
PewDiePie (celebridade da internet; o canal com mais inscrições no YouTube; nome verdadeiro: Felix Kjellberg)
Cenk Uygur (colunista, comentarista e ativista estadunidense, apresentador do The Young Turks)
AGNÓSTICOS
John Lennon (músico inglês, membro dos Beatles; possível ateu)
Paul McCartney (músico inglês, membro dos Beatles)
David Bowie (músico, cantor e compositor inglês)
Sting (músico inglês, membro do The Police)
Brian May (músico e astrofísico inglês, guitarrista do Queen)
Ian Anderson (músico inglês, líder do Jethro Tull)
Noel Gallagher (músico inglês, membro do Oasis)
Simon Le Bon (músico inglês, membro do Duran Duran)
Dave Matthews (músico estadunidense, fundador da Dave Matthews Band)
Al Stewart (músico estadunidense)
James Taylor (músico estadunidense)
Neil Peart (músico canadense, baterista do Rush)
Lemmy Kilmister (músico inglês, baixista do Motörhead)
Marilyn Manson (cantor estadunidense; nome verdadeiro: Brian Warner)
Billie Joe Armstrong (músico, membro do Green Day)
Annie Lennox (música escocesa)
Trey Anastasio (músico estadunidense, integrante da banda Phish)
Kyle Gass (músico e ator estadunidense, membro do Tenacious D)
Myles Kennedy (músico estadunidense, membro do Alter Bridge)
Noël Coward (compositor, ator e diretor inglês, possível ateu)
Charles Chaplin (ator, diretor, produtor, roteirista e compositor inglês)
Ingmar Bergman (diretor sueco)
Jean-Luc Godard (diretor francês/suíço)
Roald Dahl (roteirista, escritor e poeta inglês, famoso por A Fantástica Fábrica de Chocolate)
Matt Groening (cartunista, desenhista, produtor e diretor estadunidense, criador dos Simpsons)
Stan Lee (cartunista e desenhista estadunidense, ex-diretor da Marvel Comics)
Steve Jobs (empresário estadunidense, co-fundador da Apple Inc.)
Bill Gates (empresário estadunidense, fundador da Microsoft)
Warren Buffett (empresário estadunidense, um dos maiores acionistas da Coca-Cola)
Robert Bosch (industrialista e inventor alemão, fundador da Bosch)
Bill Nye (engenheiro, educador científico e apresentador de TV estadunidense, conhecido como “The Science Guy”)
H. L. Mencken (jornalista, satirista e crítico social estadunidense)
Robert G. Ingersoll (advogado, líder político e orador estadunidense)
Clarence Darrow (advogado estadunidense, famoso por defender John Scopes no “Monkey Trial” em 1925; possível ateu)
Dick Cavett (apresentador de TV estadunidense)
Michael Palin (ator e comediante inglês, membro do Monty Python)
Robert De Niro (ator estadunidense)
Sean Penn (ator estadunidense)
George Clooney (ator estadunidense)
Leonardo DiCaprio (ator estadunidense)
Keanu Reeves (ator estadunidense)
Henry Fonda (ator estadunidense, pai de Peter Fonda)
Gene Kelly (ator e dançarino estadunidense)
Sidney Poitier (ator estadunidense/baamense)
Brad Pitt (ator estadunidense)
Angelina Jolie (atriz estadunidense, possível atéia)
Antonio Banderas (ator espanhol)
Gael García Bernal (ator mexicano)
Diane Keaton (atriz estadunidense)
Daniel Day-Lewis (ator inglês)
Robert Carlyle (ator escocês, possível ateu)
Simon Baker (ator australiano, famoso por The Mentalist)
Max von Sydow (ator sueco/francês)
Carrie Fisher (atriz estadunidense)
Winona Ryder (atriz estadunidense)
Emily Deschanel (atriz estadunidense)
Chris Pine (ator estadunidense)
Zac Efron (ator estadunidense)
Monica Bellucci (atriz italiana)
Edward Snowden (especialista em computação e ex-funcionário da CIA estadunidense)
Michelle Bachelet (política chilena, 35ª presidente do Chile)
François Hollande (político francês, 24º presidente da França, possível ateu)
António Costa (político português, primeiro-ministro de Portugal de 2015 a 2018)
Rafael Nadal (tenista espanhol)
Madre Teresa de Calcutá (missionária católica macedônia)
PANTEÍSTAS
Pete Seeger (músico e compositor estadunidense)
Frank Lloyd Wright (arquiteto, escritor e educador estadunidense, possível ateu)
IRRELIGIOSOS
Keith Richards (músico inglês, guitarrista dos Rolling Stones)
Freddie Mercury (músico inglês, vocalista do Queen)
Syd Barrett (músico inglês, membro original do Pink Floyd)
Elton John (músico inglês)
George Michael (músico inglês)
Robin Gibb (cantor inglês, membro dos Bee Gees)
Brian Johnson (cantor inglês, vocalista do AC/DC)
Ronnie James Dio (cantor estadunidense)
Barry Manilow (cantor e compositor estadunidense, possível ateu)
Liam Gallagher (músico e cantor inglês, vocalista do Oasis; provavelmente ateu)
Jay Kay (músico inglês, vocalista do Jamiroquai)
Rowan Atkinson (ator e comediante inglês, famoso por interpretar Mr. Bean)
Harrison Ford (ator estadunidense, famoso como Indiana Jones e Hans Solo)
Meryl Streep (atriz estadunidense)
Robert Redford (ator estadunidense, provável agnóstico, possível ateu)
Paul Newman (ator estadunidense)
William Shatner (ator canadense, famoso como Capitão Kirk)
Johnny Depp (ator estadunidense)
Christian Bale (ator galês)
Uma Thurman (atriz estadunidense)
Eva Green (atriz francesa)
Zooey Deschanel (música e atriz estadunidense, possível agnóstica; irmã mais nova de Emily Deschanel)
Bruce Willis (ator alemão/estadunidense)
Trey Parker (animador, roteirista, produtor e diretor estadunidense, co-criador do South Park)
Tim Burton (diretor, produtor, artista e escritor estadunidense)
David Lynch (diretor, artista, músico, ator e escritor estadunidense)
Dan Brown (escritor estadunidense, famoso por “O Código da Vinci” e “Anjos & Demônios”)
Craig Ferguson (apresentador de TV escocês)
Ulysses Grant (político estadunidense, 18º presidente dos EUA)
Rutherford Hayes (político estadunidense, 19º presidente dos EUA)
Andrew Carnegie (industrialista e filantropo escocês/estadunidense)
Ernst Gombrich (historiador da arte austríaco/britânico)
Raymond Kurzweil (autor, cientista da computação, inventor, futurista e diretor de engenharia do Google estadunidense)
Heidi Klum (modelo, apresentadora e empresária alemã)
Brasileiros (gênios e populares):
ATEUS
Álvares de Azevedo (escritor)
Augusto dos Anjos (escritor)
Raul Pompéia (escritor)
Graciliano Ramos (escritor)
Jorge Amado (escritor)
Zélia Gattai (escritora, fotógrafa e memorialista, esposa de Jorge Amado)
João Cabral de Melo Neto (escritor)
Monteiro Lobato (escritor)
Manuel Bandeira (poeta, crítico literário, professor e tradutor)
Carlos Drummond de Andrade (poeta e escritor)
Ferreira Gullar (poeta e escritor)
Décio Pignatari (poeta e tradutor)
Vinícius de Moraes (poeta, escritor, compositor, cantor e diplomata)
Cândido Portinari (pintor)
Oscar Niemeyer (arquiteto)
Chico Buarque (músico e compositor)
Caetano Veloso (músico e compositor)
Rita Lee (música e compositora)
Milton Santos (geógrafo)
Leandro Konder (filósofo)
Luiz Felipe Pondé (filósofo)
Dráuzio Varella (médico, cientista, educador, professor e apresentador de TV)
Miguel Nicolelis (médico e neurocientista)
Suzana Herculano-Houzel (neurocientista)
Eli Vieira (biólogo evolucionista, geneticista e divulgador científico)
Pirulla (paleontólogo, zoólogo e divulgador científico)
Sérgio Sacani (geofísico e divulgador científico)
Edgard Leuenroth (tipógrafo, jornalista, arquivista, propagandista e anarquista)
Octávio Brandão (político, escritor e ativista comunista)
Carlos Marighella (político e guerrilheiro, morto pelo regime ditatorial)
Mauro Iasi (político, cientista político, educador, professor, pesquisador e escritor)
Mário Lago (advogado, poeta, radialista, compositor e ator)
Herbert José de Souza (sociólogo, mais conhecido como Betinho)
Antonio Candido (sociólogo, crítico literário e professor universitário)
Darcy Ribeiro (antropólogo, escritor e político)
Leandro Karnal (historiador, professor universitário e escritor)
Rubem Alves (escritor, educador, teólogo, filósofo e psicanalista; possível agnóstico)
Marcelo Rubens Paiva (escritor, dramaturgo e jornalista)
Lauro César Muniz (autor, dramaturgo e roteirista)
Dias Gomes (escritor, autor de novelas e dramaturgo)
Rubem Fonseca (escritor e roteirista)
Antônio Abujamra (diretor de teatro, ator e apresentador de TV)
Luciana Genro (política e advogada, candidata à presidência em 2014, filha de Tarso Genro)
Jaques Wagner (político)
Roberto Freire (político e advogado, presidente do PPS)
Babá (político, engenheiro e professor universitário; nome verdadeiro: João Batista Oliveira de Araújo)
Edmar Luz (político, jornalista e redator)
Chico Anysio (ator e comediante)
Lima Duarte (ator, diretor e dublador)
Paulo Autran (ator)
Walmor Chagas (ator)
José Wilker (ator)
José Mayer (ator)
Flávio Migliaccio (ator)
Paulo César Pereio (ator)
Herson Capri (ator)
Vera Holtz (atriz)
Malu Mader (atriz)
Andréa Beltrão (atriz)
Deborah Evelyn (atriz)
Alinne Moraes (atriz)
Mel Lisboa (atriz)
Camila Pitanga (atriz)
Gabriel Braga Nunes (ator, enteado de Dráuzio Varella)
Danton Mello (ator)
Dercy Gonçalves (atriz e comediante)
Luís Fernando Veríssimo (escritor, humorista, tradutor, roteirista de televisão e dramaturgo)
Paulo Francis (jornalista, crítico de teatro e escritor)
Arnaldo Jabor (cineasta, jornalista, comentarista e escritor)
Hector Babenco (cineasta argentino naturalizado brasileiro)
Ricardo Boechat (jornalista e apresentador)
Diogo Mainardi (escritor e colunista)
Hélio Schwartsman (articulista da Folha de São Paulo, bacharel em Filosofia)
Rodrigo Constantino (economista, colunista e articulista)
Juca Kfouri (jornalista)
Ivan Lessa (jornalista e escritor)
Eliane Brum (jornalista e escritora)
José Simão (jornalista)
Fábio Pannunzio (jornalista)
Peter Moon (repórter científico e historiador da ciência; nome verdadeiro: Pedro Ernesto de Luna Filho)
Cazé Peçanha (apresentador de TV)
Sebastião Salgado (fotógrafo)
Marcelo Gleiser (físico e apresentador)
Tim Maia (cantor)
Nando Reis (músico, ex-membro dos Titãs)
Tony Bellotto (músico, membro dos Titãs)
Marcelo Nova (músico, membro do Camisa de Vênus)
Cássia Eller (cantora)
Fábio Porchat (comediante e ator, co-fundador do Porta dos Fundos)
Gregório Duvivier (comediante e ator, co-fundador do Porta dos Fundos)
Clarice Falcão (comediante, atriz e música, ex-integrante do Porta dos Fundos)
PC Siqueira (vlogueiro e personalidade da internet)
Cauê Moura (vlogueiro e personalidade da internet)
Pirula (vlogueiro e personalidade da internet)
Contente TV (vlogueiro e personalidade da internet)
Natasha Rattacasso (vlogueira e personalidade da internet)
Arthur Moledo do Val (vlogueiro e personalidade de internet)
Jesus Norberto Gomes (farmacêutico, criador do Guaraná Jesus)
AGNÓSTICOS
Érico Veríssimo (escritor)
Carlos Heitor Cony (escritor e jornalista, ex-seminarista e ex-ateu)
Haroldo de Campos (poeta e tradutor)
Raul Seixas (músico e compositor)
Gilberto Gil (músico e compositor)
Erasmo Carlos (músico e compositor)
Tico Santa Cruz (músico, membro do Detonautas Roque Clube)
Dinho Ouro Preto (cantor, vocalista do Capital Inicial)
Pitty (cantora e compositora)
Rogério Skylab (músico e poeta)
Francisco Bosco (compositor, letrista, escritor e jornalista)
Antônio Fagundes (ator, o próprio Deus em “Deus é Brasileiro”)
Marcelo Adnet (humorista, ator, roteirista e apresentador)
Felipe Neto (vlogueiro, personalidade da internet, comediante e ator)
Nayara Rattacasso (vlogueira e personalidade da internet)
LiloVLOG (vlogueiro e personalidade da internet)
eGuinorante (vlogueiro e personalidade de internet)
Pedro Bial (jornalista, escritor, cineasta e apresentador de TV)
Tarso Genro (político, advogado, jornalista, professor e escritor, pai de Luciana Genro)
Getúlio Vargas (político, 14º e 17º presidente do Brasil)
Ernesto Geisel (militar e político, 29º presidente do Brasil)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (sociólogo, professor e político, 34º presidente do Brasil)
Dilma Rousseff (política, 36ª presidente do Brasil)
César Lattes (físico, co-descobridor do méson pi ou píon)
Nílton Santos (futebolista)
Tales Alvarenga (jornalista)
IRRELIGIOSOS
Machado de Assis (escritor, possível ateu)
Oswald de Andrade (escritor)
Matheus Nachtergaele (ator; meio ateu e meio panteísta)
Oscar Filho (humorista e apresentador)
Luiz Carlos Prates (jornalista, comentarista e radialista)
2 de Julho a 20 de Agosto de 2015 (pesquisas ao longo de 2014 e 2015 e adições ocasionais nos anos posteriores), por Klaus die Weizerbüken, autor de Deus — A Maior Mentira da História. A lista aqui disponível pode ser divulgada, desde que com o devido crédito.
FONTES (pesquise pelo sobrenome desejado com CTRL + F):
Foucault:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=E9HAQvUjCC4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=David+Macey&sig=ACfU3U39gMnKTzJDlZSMqPJcGz_OO2rMNA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=eb_bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=michel+foucault+atheist&source=bl&ots=67uP-ChaCl&sig=mLUd0YGYErlHqqWcKC0h-8uN2oA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMI45KPs8jvxgIVgYGQCh3z2wg7#v=onepage&q=michel%20foucault%20atheist&f=false
Lacan:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=Among+celebrity+atheists+with+much+biographical+data,+we+find+leading&source=bl&ots=KiseBdqX5V&sig=kBsqxoChteFR9E0LeXmvhkPkaYA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIzcver-v8xgIVAZOQCh1F4Q4m#v=onepage&q=Among%20celebrity%20atheists%20with%20much%20biographical%20data%2C%20we%20find%20leading&f=false
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan#Early_life
Baudrillard:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=e5erLSkdKKgC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=9lqSM_ZG-y&sig=7kF3NEA_sAmHpnpPaCVe0DmTApU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
Camus:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Albert_Camus
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_auhi5IvRKwC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=_oIdVAt_Sf&sig=BAWej97Megs3xsh9MJ7XOYEjbNk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
Lyotard:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=d1SIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=jean+fran%C3%A7ois+lyotard+atheist&source=bl&ots=T3Fj_EExow&sig=qFznW0vqLHWqMHtZC4L2vboX9uQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=slaZVfObGsyegwT8p4egDg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=atheism&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
Kristeva:
http://tse.sagepub.com/content/14/3/279.abstract
http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=1685&pagetypeID=8&sitecode=hq&pageno=1
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/44206636_Religion_atheism_and_the_crisis_of_meaning_in_Julia_Kristeva%27s_critique_of_modernity
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
Derrida:
http://kevers.net/blog/2007/11/youtube-jacques-derrida-on-atheism-and-belief/
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ReDBkcC1ETAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=fQFOgdyycJ&sig=9VHcjubquluRufCsWbG0MEjSON0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=c2kixQuETfsC&q=atheist#v=snippet&q=atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=d1SIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=jean+fran%C3%A7ois+lyotard+atheist&source=bl&ots=T3Fj_EExow&sig=qFznW0vqLHWqMHtZC4L2vboX9uQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=slaZVfObGsyegwT8p4egDg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=atheism&f=false
Brecht:
http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1961/3/10/bertolt-brechts-communist-writings-the-poetry/
Leucipo:
https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&q=leucippus#v=snippet&q=leucippus&f=false
Diágoras de Melos:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=dCUVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA40&dq=%22first+true+atheist%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22first%20true%20atheist%22&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=oY6YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=1001+Ideas+That+Changed+the+Way+We+Think+diagoras+of+melos&source=bl&ots=0Zjc5bLSck&sig=0YMfSOq1nC62ROrMOY47VFnf05c&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN3d6zw4zMAhWEIpAKHWgkAJkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=1001%20Ideas%20That%20Changed%20the%20Way%20We%20Think%20diagoras%20of%20melos&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=empedocles+atheist&source=bl&ots=E3bCX-E9OW&sig=FmG4jR_cIWBOvBJj1ypoKZg6gVc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAWoVChMIgtrnv7P2xgIVQoOQCh1W_AsI#v=onepage&q=empedocles%20atheist&f=false
https://clefreethinkers.wordpress.com/2008/12/24/diagoras-historys-first-confirmed-atheist/
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Teodoro de Cirene:
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Eminent_Philosophers/Book_II#Theodorus
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=empedocles+atheist&source=bl&ots=E3bCX-E9OW&sig=FmG4jR_cIWBOvBJj1ypoKZg6gVc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAWoVChMIgtrnv7P2xgIVQoOQCh1W_AsI#v=onepage&q=empedocles%20atheist&f=false
Crítias:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/638458?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/quote-s2.htm
Evêmero:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Euhemerus
http://www.askmen.com/top_10/celebrity/top-10-unknown-atheists_1.html
Aristófanes:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Aristophanes
Hume:
“The principles of Hume’s philosophy implied that the question of God’s existence cannot be settled definitively either way, so he was in one sense an agnostic. However, since he does not seem to have entertained any belief in God, it is probably also fair to call him an atheist—just not a campaigning one.” Anthony Gottlieb, “Who Was David Hume?” (resenha de James A. Harris, Hume: an Intellectual Biography, Cambridge University Press, 621 pp., “the first intellectual biography of Hume”), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIII, nº 9 (6 de maio de 2016), p. 70 (resenha completa: pp. 68, 70–71).
Ana Marta González, ed. (2012). Contemporary Perspectives on Natural Law: Natural Law As a Limiting Concept. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 81. ISBN 9781409485667. “In sum, with Hume’s agnosticism and Bentham’s atheism, the fundamental voluntarist thesis about the gulf between the divine and the human mind reaches new depths, and this serves to reinforce and radicalize the rejection, begun by Pufendorf, of Grotian rights-theory as the appropriate means of formulating the conventionalist theory of the moral life.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?redir_esc=y&hl=pt-BR&id=buwnAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=prince+of+agnostics
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/mar/27/philosophy-religion-hume
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/davearmstrong/2015/10/was-philosopher-david-hume-an-atheist.html
Russell, Paul (2010). The Riddle of Hume’s Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism, and Irreligion. Oxford University Press, pp. 202, 204–205 e 284. ISBN 9780199751525.
O’Connor, David (2013). Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Hume on Religion. Routledge Philosophy GuideBooks. Routledge, pp. 11 e 19. ISBN 9781134634095.
Mettrie:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie.aspx
http://biography.yourdictionary.com/julien-offray-de-la-mettrie
Aram Vartanian, La Mettrie’s L’Homme Machine: A Study in the Origins of an Idea (Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 2-12.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=s6ExSHrknywC&pg=PA792&lpg=PA792&dq=julien+offray+de+la+mettrie+atheist&source=bl&ots=vRRidnKOOG&sig=W8KhHUg8R9KuH-13rquuwOaAszE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV-eOU2YzMAhVFlpAKHR2KAAwQ6AEISDAG#v=onepage&q=julien%20offray%20de%20la%20mettrie%20atheist&f=false
Gibbon:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14386-edward-gibbon
http://knarf.english.upenn.edu/People/gibbon.html
Monge:
“Napoleon replies: “How comes it, then, that Laplace was an atheist? At the Institute neither he nor Monge, nor Berthollet, nor Lagrange believed in God. But they did not like to say so.” Baron Gaspard Gourgaud, Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena with General Baron Gourgaud (1904), página 274.
“Yet, sailing to Egypt, he had lain on deck, asking his scientists whether the planets were inhabited, how old the Earth was, and whether it would perish by fire or by flood. Many, like his friend Gaspard Monge, the first man to liquefy a gas, were atheists.” Vincent Cronin, The View from Planet Earth: Man looks at the Cosmos, p. 164.
Laure Junot Abrantès (1881). Memoirs of Napoleon, His Court and Family, Volume 2 D. Appleton, p. 276.
Hesse:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse#Religious_views
Bradlaugh:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404700843.html
Wislicenus:
http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5g500723&chunk.id=d0e798&toc.id=d0e764&brand=ucpress
Strauss:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ijEp8a7FawEC&pg=PA25&hl=pt-BR#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=zxEBvvFY9H4C&pg=PA325&hl=pt-BR#v=onepage&q&f=false
Darrow:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Clarence_Darrow
http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/darrow2.htm
Onfray:
http://newpol.org/content/introductory-note-onfray
Krauss:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_M._Krauss#Atheist_activism
Price:
http://www.robertmprice.mindvendor.com/zblog/?p=625
http://www.thehumanbible.net/about
http://www.skeptiko.com/christian-atheist-dr-robert-price/
Ehrman:
Ehrman, Bart D. Misquoting Jesus, HarperSanFrancisco. 2005. ISBN 0-06-073817-0
Chomsky:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Noam_Chomsky
https://chomsky.info/1990____/
https://www.edge.org/discourse/bb.html#chomsky
http://www.nndb.com/people/590/000022524/
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Hobbes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes#Atheism
https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jksadegh/A%20Good%20Atheist%20Secularist%20Skeptical%20Book%20Collection/Douglas%20M.%20Jesseph%20-%20Hobbes’s%20Atheism.pdf
Lennon
“If you say you don’t believe in God, everybody assumes you’re antireligious, and you probably think that’s what we mean by that. We’re not quite sure ‘what’ we are, but I know that we’re more agnostic than atheistic.” Playboy Interview with The Beatles: A candid conversation with England’s mop-topped millionaire minstrels. Interviewed by Jean Shepherd, February 1965 issue. http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/dbbtspb.int2.html
Na música God, de 1970, Lennon descreve Deus como “um conceito” (além de afirmar que não acredita em Jesus e na Bíblia).
http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/db1971.0121.beatles.html
McCartney:
“We all feel roughly the same. We’re all agnostics.” Playboy Interview with The Beatles: A candid conversation with England’s mop-topped millionaire minstrels. Interviewed by Jean Shepherd, February 1965 issue. http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/dbbtspb.int2.html
Kubrick:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=x73FqQgvzgQC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=the+whole+idea+of+god+is+absurd+if+anything+2001&source=bl&ots=oTAsycJ8Ue&sig=F5nEeXK4zLE8sX857EjITeyTrTw&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=K1WbVe2-CoygwgTL44moCw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=the%20whole%20idea%20of%20god%20is%20absurd%20if%20anything%202001&f=false
http://www.archiviokubrick.it/testimonianze/persone/aragno.html (“Era un ebreo ateo che festeggiava il Natale”)
Bettany:
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/feb/12/charles-darwin-rutherford
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Paul_Bettany
Wagner, Jaques:
http://brasileiros.com.br/2013/07/ateus-gracas-a-deus/
http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/ricardo-setti/disseram/jaques-wagner-teorizando-sobre-a-seca-sazonal-que-ha-seculos-assola-o-nordeste/
Frazer:
http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=769
Keynes:
Lubenow, William C (1998). The Cambridge Apostles, 1820–1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57213-4.
Skidelsky, Robert (1 January 1994). John Maynard Keynes: Volume 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920. Penguin Books. p. 86. ISBN 014023554X. “He was never able to take religion seriously, regarding it as a strange aberration of the human mind.”
Gramsci:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=y66yNR7gZKQC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=antonio+gramsci+atheist&source=bl&ots=A8uFJUvSrX&sig=91Snas7vREfLaKO6_Zc7rWp2Kc4&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5xoGly4nMAhUKIJAKHYQDD84Q6AEIQzAF#v=onepage&q=antonio%20gramsci%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=S-TekVnvyx4C&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=antonio+gramsci+atheist&source=bl&ots=kWVLRlrVnK&sig=8tR4PxGzqKDjyt7rS9XjsJfA1oE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5xoGly4nMAhUKIJAKHYQDD84Q6AEITDAH#v=onepage&q=antonio%20gramsci%20atheist&f=false
Virchow:
Etzioni, Amos; Ochs, Hans D. (2014). Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Historic and Scientific Perspective. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-12-407179-7. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SF9zAwAAQBAJ&dq=&hl=pt-BR
Bernard:
John G. Simmons (2002). Doctors and Discoveries: Lives That Created Today’s Medicine. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-618-15276-6. “Upon his death on February 10, 1878, Bernard received a state funeral – the first French scientist to be so honored. The procession ended at Pere Lachaise cemetery, and Gustave Flaubert described it later with a touch of irony as ‘religious and very beautiful’. Bernard was an agnostic.”
Lévi-Strauss:
“”Personally, I’ve never been confronted with the question of God,” says one such politely indifferent atheist, Dr. Claude Lévi-Strauss, professor of social anthropology at the Collège de France.” Theology: Toward a Hidden God, Time.com.
Pignatari:
http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/vidaearte/2013/12/03/noticiasjornalvidaearte,3171433/encontrados-manuscritos-ineditos-de-decio-pignatari.shtml
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/noticia/encontrados-textos-ineditos-do-poeta-concreto-decio-pignatari/
Campos:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:5bYTzqAXKwIJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/mais/fs2409200009.htm+&cd=2&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=mGDLx7PeAfkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=haroldo+de+campos+agn%C3%B3stico&source=bl&ots=7nxglHht3F&sig=nO4IcOW1xxvhxjheCPJ0-UNM5j4&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=OnSdVaHnO8P6wQTxl5mAAQ&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=haroldo%20de%20campos%20agn%C3%B3stico&f=false
http://sibila.com.br/mapa-da-lingua/funcoes-e-disfuncoes-da-maquina-do-mundo/5220
Maiakóvski:
http://www.korolevperevody.co.uk/korolev/bezbozhniki.htm
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=qwtZcQm6bhMC&pg=PT50&lpg=PT50&dq=maiakovski+ateu&source=bl&ots=TrJmGxhIl_&sig=00aTQGbzu7GsYHuEgu_iE075Y_8&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAmoVChMIu6nHwrumxwIVyPceCh1i1QGA#v=onepage&q=maiakovski%20ateu&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=oFHOGkd_N64C&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=mayakovsky+atheist&source=bl&ots=wUnJrkQI4w&sig=L8IcNluCHEHM2HNgGLfE_ssdflw&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=8XSdVZ-sEIyIwgSG34mIAQ&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=atheism&f=false
Ridley:
http://www.charismanews.com/world/44765-faith-in-god-is-a-virulent-infection-columnist-claims
http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/atheists-and-anglicans-could-unite-against-intolerance-(1).aspx
https://web.archive.org/web/20120324100124/http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Matt-Ridley-FRSL-FMedSci
Nelson:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ted_Nelson
Paganini:
http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=3609
Romano:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ray_Romano
Newman, Paul:
http://hollowverse.com/paul-newman/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Newman
Manilow:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Barry_Manilow
http://hollowverse.com/barry-manilow/
Rodin:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14648-auguste-rodin
Reeve:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Christopher_Reeve
Lynch:
Falsani, Cathleen (January 16, 2005). “Lynch: ‘Bliss is our nature'”. Chicago Sun-Times. Lynch says while he adheres to no particular religion himself, he respects all religions.
Melville:
“He can neither believe, nor be comfortable in his unbelief; and he is too honest and courageous not to try to do one or the other. If he were a religious man, he would be one of the most truly religious and reverential; he has a very high and noble nature, and better worth immortality than most of us”. Nathaniel Hawthorne, entry for 20 November 1856, in The English Notebooks, (1853–1858)
Kurzweil:
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0805/30/gb.01.html
Joliot-Curie, Frédéric:
“Raised in a completely nonreligious family, Joliot never attended any church and was a thoroughgoing atheist all his life.” Perrin, Francis: “Joliot, Frédéric”, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 7 p. 151. Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008.
http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/people/BG.0087/
Joliot-Curie, Irène:
“It was to her grandfather, a convinced freethinker, that Irène owed her atheism, later politically expressed as anticlericalism.” Joliot-Curie, Irène. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 17 Mar. 2012.
Denis Brian. The Curies: A Biography of the Most Controversial Family in Science. Wiley. p. 389. ISBN 9780471273912. There were no prayers: Irene was deeply atheist.
Keaton:
Joan Juliet Buck. “Inside Diane Keaton”. Vanity Fair. Março de 1987.
Heard:
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-05-29-amber-heard_N.htm
Giamatti:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Paul_Giamatti
http://www.gamesradar.com/i-never-saw-russell-lose-it-on-set/
van Gogh, Vincent:
Steven Naifeh, Gregory White Smith (2011). Vincent van Gogh: The Life. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 250. ISBN 9781588360472. “To revenge himself on his father. Vincent renounced religion as well as romantic love. “There is no God!’ ” he proclaimed. “For me. the God of the clergymen is as dead as a doornail.” He boasted to Theo that his father and Uncle Stricker “consider me an atheist.” and blithely dismissed their accusations with Sarah Bernhardt’s famous quip: “Que soit” (so what).”
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh
Wright:
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright
B. Elliott (2003). Science and Religion, the Continuing Conflict, Book 1. Trafford Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 9781553954569. “I will mention Frank Lloyd Wright later and his atheist view. Here was a man who spent his lifetime creating works of art, but I could find no evidence of his concern or study relative to creation when I discussed this subject with him.”
Seeger:
Wendy Schuman. “Pete Seeger’s Session”. Beliefnet, Inc. Retrieved 16 August 2013. I feel most spiritual when I’m out in the woods. I feel part of nature. Or looking up at the stars. [I used to say] I was an atheist. Now I say, it’s all according to your definition of God. According to my definition of God, I’m not an atheist. Because I think God is everything. Whenever I open my eyes I’m looking at God. Whenever I’m listening to something I’m listening to God.
Grant:
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iv-drip/has-there-ever-been-an-atheist-president-8179663.html
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/09/most_religious_president_jimmy_carter_james_garfield_or_john_quincy_adams_.html
http://www.centerforinquiry.net/oncampus/blog/entry/cornell_top_four_presidents/
http://luckyatheist.blogspot.com.br/2012/02/ulysses-s-grant.html
Hayes:
http://www.centerforinquiry.net/oncampus/blog/entry/cornell_top_four_presidents/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_affiliations_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States
Ferguson:
http://hollowverse.com/craig-ferguson/
Clarkson:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jeremy_Clarkson
Fields:
Jordan, S. C. (2008). Hollywood’s original rat pack The bards of Bundy Drive. Lanham, Maryland [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. p. 151. ISBN 0-8108-6032-5
Curtis, James. W.C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 472.
Fowles:
The New York Times, 31 de Maio de 1998. “Being an atheist is a matter not of moral choice, but of human obligation.”
Hardy, Thomas:
http://research.library.mun.ca/7177/
https://humanism.org.uk/humanism/the-humanist-tradition/19th-century-freethinkers/thomas-hardy/
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/hardy/religion1.html
Bethe:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Hans_Bethe
Cross:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cross
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/David_Cross
Carpenter:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Carpenter
Day-Lewis:
http://www.indexmagazine.com/interviews/daniel_day_lewis.shtml
Blackmore:
http://www.pointofinquiry.org/susan_blackmore_in_search_of_the_light
http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Chapters/NeurotheologyZen.htm
Bowie:
DeCurtis, Anthony (5 May 2005). In Other Words: Artists Talk About Life And Work. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 262–263.
http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/2005/07/Im-Not-Quite-An-Atheist-And-It-Worries-Me.aspx
http://www.chron.com/life/houston-belief/slideshow/Famous-interfaith-couples-18881/photo-1266247.php
Bukowski:
“For those who believe in God, most of the big questions are answered. But for those of us who can’t readily accept the God formula, the big answers don’t remain stone-written. We adjust to new conditions and discoveries. We are pliable. Love need not be a command or faith a dictum. I am my own God. We are here to unlearn the teachings of the church, state and our education system. We are here to drink beer. We are here to kill war. We are here to laugh at the odds and live our lives so well that Death will tremble to take us.”–Charles Bukowski, Life (magazine), December 1988, quoted from James A. Haught, ed, 2000 Years of Disbelief.
http://hollowverse.com/charles-bukowski/
Burton, Tim:
http://hollowverse.com/tim-burton/
Schubert:
Elizabeth Norman McKay (1996). Franz Schubert: a biography. Clarendon Press. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-19-816523-1. “…quite what he expected: no doubt on account of both his agnosticism and his lack of money or sure prospects…”
von Sydow:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120717041356/http://bergmanorama.webs.com/repertory/von_sydow_ff76.htm
Žižek:
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/opinion/13iht-edzizek.html?_r=0
Teresa de Calcutá:
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/aug/24/wasmotherteresaanatheist
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1655720,00.html
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/letters-reveal-mother-teresas-secret/
http://www.amazon.com/Mother-Teresa-Private-Writings-Calcutta/dp/0307589234
Shermer:
http://www.michaelshermer.com/2005/06/why-i-am-an-atheist/
Elton:
http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/02/bbc.television3
http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/Brothers-divided-extreme-reasons/story-17454959-detail/story.html
Chadwick:
Andrew Brown (1997). The neutron and the bomb: a biography of Sir James Chadwick. Oxford University Press. p. 362. ISBN 9780198539926. “He was a lifelong atheist and felt no need to develop religious faith as he approached the end of his life.”
Carlin:
George Carlin (2001). Napalm & Silly Putty. Hyperion. p. 254. ISBN 9780521842709. “And there is no God. None, not one, never was. No God. Sorry.”
“That’s because there is no Humpty-Dumpty, and there is no God. None, not one, never was. No God.” George Carlin Show (1999). George Carlin: You Are All Diseased (DVD). MPI Home Video.
“No. No, there’s no God, but there might be some sort of an organizing intelligence, and I think to understand it is way beyond our ability. It’s certainly not a judgmental entity. It’s certainly not paternalistic and all these qualities that have been attributed to God.” Thompson, Thompson (Sep 6, 2000). “Is There a God?”. The A.V. Club. Acesso em 31 de Maio de 2013. http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPOfurmrjxo
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Carlin
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Antonioni:
TASSONE, Aldo, I film di Michelangelo Antonioni, p. 43.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/04/us/04beliefs.html?_r=0
http://www.davidsaulrosenfeld.com/chapter7.html
Pasolini:
http://www.moviecrazed.com/outpast/pasolini.html
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini
Truffaut:
Eric Michael Mazur (2011). Encyclopedia of Religion and Film. ABC-CLIO. p. 438. ISBN 9780313330728. “Yet Truffaut, an atheist, was not stumping for God with these conservative attacks.”
David Sterritt (1999). The Films of Jean-Luc Godard: Seeing the Invisible. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780521589710. “One way of understanding Godard’s approach is to contrast it with that of François Truffaut, one of his most respected New Wave colleagues. As a self-described atheist, Truffaut took special pleasure in the materiality of cinema, noting that no photographic image can be obtained without real, physical light making direct contact with a real, physical object in the immediate presence of the camera.”
Lang:
Tom Gunning, British Film Institute (2000). The films of Fritz Lang: allegories of vision and modernity. British Film Institute. p. 7. ISBN 9780851707426. Lang, however, immediately cautions Prokosh, ‘Jerry, don’t forget, the gods have not created men, man has created the gods.’ This is more than a simple statement of Feuerbach-like humanism or atheism.
Patrick Mcgilligan (1998). Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast. St. Martin’s Press. p. 477. ISBN 9780312194543. In the final years of his life, Lang had written, in German, a 20- to 30-page short story called “The Wandering Jew.” It was “a kind of fable about a Wandering Jew,” according to Pierre Rissient. After Lang’s death, Rissient asked Latte [Fritz Lang’s third wife] if he might arrange for its publication. “No,” she replied, “because Fritz would want to be known as an atheist.”
Mark Kermode (2013). Hatchet Job: Love Movies, Hate Critics. Pan Macmillan. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9781447230526. The Austrian-born film-maker Fritz Lang once commented that, although he was an atheist, he supported religious education because ‘if you do not teach religion, how can you teach ethics?’
van Gogh, Theo:
“This book is called “Allah knows best” because it is my dark suspicion we are on the verge of the new Middle Ages of Mecca; and because I feel, as a professional atheist, very unsafe in a climate that is dominated by ambitious mayors who are happily busy “keeping things together”. Since September 11, the knives are sharpened and the fifth column of goatfuckers marches ahead unhindered.” Theo van Gogh, ‘What they have said about Islam’, in ‘Netherlands braced for Muslim anger as politician releases ‘anti-Islam’ film’, The Independent (London), January 25, 2008, Pg. 32.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh
Stenger:
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2014/08/29/victor-stenger-physicist-and-prolific-atheist-author-is-dead-at-79/
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Victor_Stenger
Rossini:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&pg=PA171&hl=pt-BR#v=onepage&q=rossini&f=false
da Vinci:
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1697/was-leonardo-da-vinci-religious
http://www.deism.com/davinci.htm
Crick:
Francis Crick, ”What Mad Pursuit: a Personal View of Scientific Discovery”, Basic Books reprint edition, 1990, ISBN 0-465-09138-5, p. 145.
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/10/the-twentieth-century-darwin/303492/
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/30/books/review/30dizi.html?_r=2&oref=slogin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546341/
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020419
http://www.positiveatheism.org/india/s1990a01.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick#Views_on_religion
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Francis_Crick
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Watson, James D.:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson#Personal_life
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/James_Watson
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Goldman:
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_Atheism
Turgenev:
Leonard Schapiro, Turgenev, His Life and Times (New York: Random, 1978), p. 214. “Turgenev was not a determined atheist; there is ample evidence which shows that he was an agnostic who would have been happy to embrace the consolations of religion, but was, except perhaps on some rare occasions, unable to do so.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=iAs4Lz5yog0C&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=Turgenev+atheist&source=bl&ots=VrGBL1Tuh-&sig=uXKVG6pHNYp8oH5zyun-qWBK3tA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjWjb_6kMnPAhUEi5AKHemAAXwQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=Turgenev%20atheist&f=false (Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865-1871, Volume 4, p. 218)
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14642-ivan-turgenev
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/literature/ivan-turgenev/
Edgar Lehrman, Turgenev’s Letters (New York: Knopf, 1961), p. xi.”Sometimes Turgenev’s attitude toward literature makes us wonder whether, for him, literature was not a surrogate religion – something in which he could believe unhesitatingly, unreservedly, and enthusiastically, something that somehow would make man in general and Turgenev in particular a little happier.”” Harold Bloom, Ivan Turgenev, pages 95-96.
Sokal:
“Biblical scholar Jacques Berlinerblau points out, in an interesting recent book, The Secular Bible: Why Nonbelievers Must Take Religion Seriously (2005), that most contemporary atheists and agnostics — myself included, I must confess — are astoundingly ignorant of the details of the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Qur’an. (not to mention the Bhagavad Gita and the Tripitaka, one could add)…When all is said and done, I see no reason to amend my judgment that the existence of the Jewish, Christian, Islamic or Hindu gods is about as plausible, given the currently available evidence, as the existence of Zeus or Thor.” – Alan Sokal, Beyond the Hoax: Science, Philosophy and Culture (2008).
Pine:
http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/celebrity_interviews/Chris+Pine-19117.html (“I am not a religious guy, I am probably agnostic (…)”)
Pauli:
Charles Paul Enz (2002). No Time to Be Brief: A Scientific Biography of Wolfgang Pauli. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198564799. “At the same time Pauli writes on 11 October 1957 to the science historian Shmuel Sambursky whom he had met on his trip to Israel (see Ref. [7], p. 964): ‘In opposition to the monotheist religions — but in unison with the mysticism of all peoples, including the Jewish mysticism – I believe that the ultimate reality is not personal.'”
Werner Heisenberg (2007). Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science. HarperCollins. pp. 214–215. ISBN 9780061209192. “Wolfgang shared my concern. …”Einstein’s conception is closer to mine. His God is somehow involved in the immutable laws of nature. Einstein has a feeling for the central order of things. He can detect it in the simplicity of natural laws. We may take it that he felt this simplicity very strongly and directly during his discovery of the theory of relativity. Admittedly, this is a far cry from the contents of religion. I don’t believe Einstein is tied to any religious tradition, and I rather think the idea of a personal God is entirely foreign to him.””
http://www.nndb.com/people/497/000071284/
Alonso:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Fernando_Alonso
http://blogs.20minutos.es/formula-1-alonso/2010/05/03/alonso-no-tengo-ninguna-relaciain-con-dios/
Adams:
http://web.archive.org/web/20071228115639/http://www.americanatheist.org/win98-99/T2/silverman.html
Attenborough:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/David_Attenborough
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HGFigUOUfA
Beauvoir:
http://www.egs.edu/library/simone-de-beauvoir/biography/
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/30/books/excerpt-introduction-second-sex.html?_r=0
https://ffrf.org/news/day/famous-freethinkers-secular-stars/spotlight/item/14135-simone-de-beauvoir
Berkman:
David Burns (2013). The Life and Death of the Radical Historical Jesus. Oxford University Press. p. 97. ISBN 9780199929504. “Alexander Berkman was a self-declared atheist attempting to lift the stultifying fog of the gods from the mind of humankind.”
“Impelling Forces”. Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman. Harvard University Press. 2012. ISBN 9780674067677. “Berkman, an atheist, refused to be sworn in.”
Anderson, Philip Warren:
Philip W. Anderson (2011). “Imaginary Friend, Who Art in Heaven”. More and Different: Notes from a Thoughtful Curmudgeon. World Scientific. p. 177. ISBN 9789814350129. We atheists can, as he does, argue that, with the modern revolution in attitudes toward homosexuals, we have become the only group that may not reveal itself in normal social discourse.
Allen:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Woody_Allen
Bellamy:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Matt_Bellamy
Bohr, Niels:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Niels_Bohr
Assange:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Julian_Assange
Bardem:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Javier_Bardem
Bentham:
“Bentham was an atheist and in no sense of the word could he be described as a theologian.” – James E. Crimmins, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709597?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/274453288_Bentham_on_Religion_Atheism_and_the_Secular_Society
Black:
http://www.npr.org/2012/04/23/151204872/jack-black-on-music-mayhem-and-murder
http://teamcoco.com/video/jack-black-hebrew
Armstrong, Lance:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Lance_Armstrong
Asimov:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Isaac_Asimov
Bergman:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman
Bacon:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Kevin_Bacon
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14858-kevin-bacon
Bartók:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k
Björk:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk
Bizet:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Georges_Bizet
“At the end of the first year he was asked to submit a religious work as his required composition. As a self-described atheist, Bizet felt uneasy and hypocritical writing a religious piece. Instead, he submitted a comic opera. Publicly, the committee accepted, acknowledging his musical talent.” – The Pearl Fishers – Georges Bizet Virginia Opera. Visitado em 19 de Abril de 2012.
Shaw:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw
Archibald Henderson. George Bernard Shaw: His Life And Works, a Critical Biography. Kessinger Publishing, 2004. p. 135. ISBN 9781417961771. “It was at the Shelley Society’s first large meeting that Shaw startled London by announcing himself as, ” like Shelley, a Socialist, an atheist, and a vegetarian.”
Dayananda Pathak. George Bernard Shaw, His Religion & Values. Mittal Publications, 1985. p. 19. “Shaw explains what atheism really meant in his time. Belief in God in his time meant belief in the old tribal idol “I preferred to call myself an atheist”, writes Shaw, “because belief in God then meant belief in the old tribal idol called Jehovah, and I would not, by calling myself an agnostic, pretend that I did not know whether it existed or not.” He also adds: “I still, when I am dealing with old fashioned Fundamentalists, tell them that as I do not believe in this idol of theirs they may as well write me off as, for their purpose, I am an atheist.”
G. K. Chesterton. George Bernard Shaw. Echo Library, 2008. p. 21. ISBN 9781406890204. “I was,” he writes, “wholly unmoved by their eloquence; and felt bound to inform the public that I was, on the whole, an atheist.”
Breton:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton
Burton, Richard:
Richard Burton (2012). Chris Williams, ed. The Richard Burton Diaries. Yale University Press. p. 252. ISBN 9780300192315. “I wish I could believe in a God of some kind but I simply cannot.”
Buñuel:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel
d’Alembert:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert
Cumming:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Alan_Cumming
Tchecov:
Simon Karlinsky, ed. (1997). Anton Chekhov’s Life and Thought: Selected Letters and Commentary. Northwestern University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780810114609. “While Anton did not turn into the kind of militant atheist that his older brother Alexander eventually became, there is no doubt that he was a nonbeliever in the last decades of his life.
Tabachnikova, Olga (2010). Anton Chekhov Through the Eyes of Russian Thinkers: Vasilii Rozanov, Dmitrii Merezhkovskii and Lev Shestov. Anthem Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-84331-841-5. “For Rozanov, Chekhov represents a concluding stage of classical Russian literature at the turn of the centuries, caused by the ‘fading’ of a thousand’ years old Christian tradition which was spiritually feeding this literature. On the one hand, Rozanov regards Chekhov’s positivism and atheism as his shortcomings, naming them amongst the reasons of Chekhov’s popularity in society.”
Richard Pevear (2009). Selected Stories of Anton Chekov. Random House Digital, Inc.. pp. xxii. ISBN 9780307568281. ““In his revelation of those evangelical elements,” writes Leonid Grossman, “the atheist Chekhov is unquestionably one of the most Christian poets of world literature.””
Curie, Pierre:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Pierre_Curie
Curie, Marie:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Marie_Curie
Robert William Reid (1974). Marie Curie. New American Library. p. 6. ISBN 0002115395. Unusually at such an early age, she became what T.H. Huxley had just invented a word for: agnostic.
Cox:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Brian_Cox
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/7435109/Professor-Brian-Cox-bringing-the-solar-system-to-your-living-room.html
Connolly:
“Connolly has tackled drama before, notably in the film Mrs Brown, with Dame Judi Dench, but he’s never portrayed anyone like Father Joe, who is psychic and possibly deranged. “I was brought up as a Catholic,” Connolly says. “Aye, I have a cousin who is a nun and another cousin who is a missionary priest in Pakistan.” He pauses and smiles. “And I am an atheist.” ” Elaine Lipworth interviewing Connolly, ‘No laughing matter’, Independent (Dublin), 1 August 2008 (accessed 1 August 2008).
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Billy_Connolly
Fo:
Dario Fo, Il paese dei mezaràt, Feltrinelli, Milano, 2004
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Dario_Fo
Dennett:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dennett
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Daniel_Dennett
Dolenz:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
http://www.nndb.com/people/669/000024597/
Maher:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bill_Maher
http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1203/03/pmt.01.html
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1402/14/cg.02.html
http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/12/maher-on-religion/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=momdjeHgBy4
Duchamp:
Cabanne: “Do you believe in God?” Duchamp: “No, not at all.” – Pierre Cabanne, Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp (1987), página 106.
Feynman:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Richard_Feynman
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Dawkins:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Richard_Dawkins
Foster:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jodie_Foster
Eisenstein:
Al LaValley (2001). Eisenstein at 100. Rutgers University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780813529714. “As a committed Marxist, Eisenstein outwardly turned his back on his Orthodox upbringing, and took pains in his memoirs to stress his atheism.”
Sergei Eisenstein (1996). Richard Taylor. ed. Beyond the stars: the memoirs of Sergei Eisenstein, Volume 5. BFI Publishing. p. 414. ISBN 9780851704609. “My atheism is like that of Anatole France — inseparable from adoration of the visible forms of a cult.”
Dirac:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Paul_Dirac
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Fonda, Peter:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Peter_Fonda
Fonda, Henry:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Henry_Fonda
Eno:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Brian_Eno
Feuerbach:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ludwig_Andreas_von_Feuerbach
Gay-Lussac:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac
Gervais:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ricky_Gervais
Geldof:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bob_Geldof
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKyn1sIZcyA (“— Is there a god ? — No. — Nothing ? — No.”)
No documentário “Oh My God”, de 2009, Geldof é perguntado sobre Deus e revela seu ateísmo.
Greene, Brian:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Brian_Greene
Freeman:
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/28/morgan-freeman-on-god-satan-and-how-the-human-race-has-become-a-parasite.html
https://friendlyatheist.patheos.com/2010/06/02/morgan-freeman-tells-cnn-anchor-he-is-not-a-man-of-god/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf9TPJLirpg, aos 48 segundos
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Morgan_Freeman
Freud:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/freud.html
Freud, S., The future of an illusion, translated by W.D. Robson-Scott, New York, Liveright, 1928.
Judith Marks Mishne (1993). The Evolution and Application of Clinical Theory. Simon and Schuster.
Even though Freud opposed religion and considered belief in God neurotic, he once urged a Jewish colleague to raise his son within the Jewish religion, arguing that “If you do not let your son grow up as a Jew, you will deprive him of those sources of energy which cannot be replaced by anything else” (David S. Ariel, What Do Jews Believe? (New York: Shocken Books, 1995), p.248).”
Ed Hindson, Ergun Caner (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. As such, one could speak of existential atheists (Sartre), Marxist atheists (Marx), psychological atheists (Freud), capitalistic atheists (Ayn Rand), and behavioristic atheists (BF Skinner).
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Fry:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Stephen_Fry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-suvkwNYSQo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqibqD4fJZs
Green, Seth:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Seth_Green
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Harris:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Sam_Harris
Gallagher, Noel:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Noel_Gallagher
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitX9xtyEfM, aos 6 segundos: “— Would you describe yourself as believing in God or not at the moment ? — (…) If you’re asking me do I see the hand of God at work in the world, I’d have to say no.”
Gilmour:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/David_Gilmour
Godwin:
“Coleridge also introduced Charles Lamb to Godwin. Lamb had shown some sympathy for the New Philosophy but the arguments of Coleridge and his own religiosity and common sense quickly turned him against it. He was particularly repelled by Godwin’s atheism.” Peter H. Marshall, William Godwin (1984), p. 240.
Berman, David. (2007). “Unbelief during the Enlightenment”, in: The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief. Prometheus Books, páginas 276 a 280.
Hemingway:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway
http://hollowverse.com/ernest-hemingway/
Grayling:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/A._C._Grayling
Hepburn:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Guevara:
“Ernesto “Che” Guevara, an atheist, has been reborn a saint in the desolate Bolivian village where he was captured and executed nearly 37 years ago.” http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0817-07.htm
Hawking:
http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/im-atheist-stephen-hawking-god-space-travel-n210076
http://www.cnet.com/news/stephen-hawking-makes-it-clear-there-is-no-god/
http://www.faithstreet.com/onfaith/2010/09/03/stephen-hawking-says-theres-no-creator-god-the-twitterverse-reacts/291
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Stephen_Hawking
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704206804575467921609024244
https://noticias.terra.com.br/ciencia/fisico-stephen-hawking-e-internado-em-roma,00045877ce7ee14401cc4dae01a0dcc7nyfbwvlc.html
Friedman:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Milton_Friedman
Asman, David (November 16, 2006). “‘Your World’ Interview With Economist Milton Friedman”. Fox News. Retrieved August 2, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/11/16/your-world-interview-with-economist-milton-friedman.html
Izzard:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Eddie_Izzard
Idle:
http://www.ericidle.com/blog/?m=201111 (“And ok, it’s not just my name. It is also my wife’s name, and my daughter’s name and the name of Tasha Goldthwait my Dogchild (I’m her atheist Godfather.)”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryu4x2-Kag4, aos 2:01: “I didn’t say there was a meaning [to life], I said it’s quite an interesting question to look at, how humanity can arise and consider itself inside this enormous explosion. That’s quite weird, and the God answers are completely pathetic and useless and get you nowhere, ‘cause who made God ? But the idea that we evolved with these thoughts is actually very fascinating to me.”
https://twitter.com/ericidle/status/259050697511817217 (“I believe in the Separation of Church and Planet.”)
Hitchens:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens
http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-staggers/2011/12/richard-dawkins-issue-hitchens
Higgs:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Peter_Higgs
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
James:
Linda Simon, ed. (1999). William James Remembered. U of Nebraska Press. p. 97. ISBN 9780803292628. “We must not suppose, however, that James meant these contrite and romantic suggestions dogmatically. The agnostic, as well as the physician and neurologist in him, was never quite eclipsed.”
Creighton Peden (1989). Creighton Peden, Larry E. Axel. ed. God, Values, and Empiricism: Issues in Philosophical Theology. Mercer University Press. p. 239. ISBN 9780865543607. “The views of William James on agnostic attitudes and arguments regarding theistic belief were uncharacteristically harsh and wide of the mark.”
John Lachs and Robert Talisse (2007). American Philosophy: An Encyclopedia. p. 310. ISBN 0415939267. “(…) took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world.”
Herzog:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Werner_Herzog
Heráclito de Éfeso:
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Heraclit.htm
Vijay Tankha (2006). “Heraclitus of Ephesus”. Ancient Greek Philosophy: Thales to Gorgias. Pearson Education India. p. 71. ISBN 9788177589399. “By equating god with nature, Heraclitus could be regarded as a pantheist — everything is god.”
Kahlo:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Frida_Kahlo
Rivera:
Philip Stein, Siqueiros: His Life and Works (International Publishers Co, 1994), ISBN 0-7178-0706-1, p. 176. “I am an atheist and I consider religions to be a form of collective neurosis. I am not an enemy of the Catholics, as I am not an enemy of the tuberculars, the myopic or the paralytics; you cannot be an enemy of the sick, only their good friend in order to help them cure themselves.”
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Frida_Kahlo
Kafka:
Sander L. Gilman (2005). Franz Kafka. Reaktion Books. p. 31. ISBN 9781861892546. “Through his consumption of such books Kafka rejected both capitalism and religion as a teenager – declaring himself to be a socialist and an atheist.”
“Whilst Kafka had a brief interest in Kabbalah, mysticism, and Yiddish theatre, he rarely attended synagogue and considered himself an atheist.” – Benjamin Lazarus, The Jewish Chronicle Online. [1]
“As an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist. As a Jew, Kafka was isolated from the German community in Prague, but as a modern intellectual he was also alienated from his own Jewish heritage.”
J. E. Luebering, ed. (2009). “Franz Kafka”. The 100 Most Influential Writers of All Time. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 272. ISBN 9781615300969. “Kafka’s opposition to established society became apparent when, as an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist.”
Hollande:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande#Early_life_and_education
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Francois_Hollande
Hyneman:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jamie_Hyneman
Kjellberg (PewDiePie):
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/PewDiePie
Knightley:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Keira_Knightley
Hoskins:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bob_Hoskins
Kay:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jamiroquai
Joel:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Billy_Joel
Manson:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Marilyn_Manson
Laplace:
“Napoleon replies: “How comes it, then, that Laplace was an atheist? At the Institute neither he nor Monge, nor Berthollet, nor Lagrange believed in God. But they did not like to say so.” Baron Gaspard Gourgaud, Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena with General Baron Gourgaud (1904), página 274.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace#Views_on_God
Kropotkin:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin
Landau:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Landau#Personal_life_and_views
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Lev_Landau
http://www.nndb.com/people/793/000099496/
Landis:
“I’m an atheist and I certainly don’t believe or care about Satan or Jesus”. Stated in a radio interview on BBC 5, 29 Oct 2010.
The Film Programme, BBC Radio 4, November 4th, 2011: “When people say that they’re not afraid of this or not afraid of that, to me that’s very much like people saying I don’t like opera, I don’t like ballet, or I don’t like the theatre. What I’ve learnt is that means they’ve never seen a good one, that’s all it means. You know, I’m an atheist, but when I saw the Exorcist I was really frightened because of the skill of William Friedkin and what’s called the suspension of disbelief”.
Malkovich:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Malkovich
Lancaster:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Burt_Lancaster
“A self-described atheist, Lancaster had turned down the role in the remake of Ben-Hur (1959) played by Charlton Heston, but followed in Heston’s footsteps when he played the title role in Moses the Lawgiver […]. When a reporter asked him if he was following in Heston’s sandal-clad steps, Lancaster replied, “If Charlton was trapped in Biblical films, it was his own fault – he accepted the limitation.” Though Lancaster claimed he was an atheist, some of his friends doubted him.” Biography for Burt Lancaster, The Internet Movie Database (accessed June 9, 2008).
Lee, Bruce:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bruce_Lee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5EUweFKtjg (“— What’s your religion ? — None whatsoever. — Do you believe in God ? — To be perfectly frank, I really do not.”)
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within – The philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the world around you and achieve a rewarding life. McGraw-Hill Education, p. 128.
Lagrange:
“Napoleon replies: “How comes it, then, that Laplace was an atheist? At the Institute neither he nor Monge, nor Berthollet, nor Lagrange believed in God. But they did not like to say so.” Baron Gaspard Gourgaud, Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena with General Baron Gourgaud (1904), page 274.
“In religious matters Lagrange was, if anything at all, agnostic.” Eric Temple Bell, Men of Mathematics (1986).
“Lagrange and Laplace, though of Catholic parentage, were agnostics.” Morris Kline, Mathematics and the Search for Knowledge (1986), page 214.
Mach:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ernst_Mach
McEwan:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ian_McEwan
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/magazine/02wwln-Q4-t.html?_r=0
Mason:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Nick_Mason
Lênin:
Fischer, Louis (1964). The Life of Lenin. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 40–41.
Volkogonov, Dmitri (1994). Lenin: Life and Legacy. Harold Shukman (translator). Hammersmith: HarperCollins, p. 373.
Service, Robert (2000). Lenin: A Biography. London: Macmillan, p. 149.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin
McKellen:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Sir_Ian_McKellen
MacFarlane:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane
Le Bon:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Simon_Le_Bon
https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/the-hot-seat-simon-le-bon (“Le Bon: It had to be in the registry office because we are both atheists. TimeOut: I thought you were an agnostic? Le Bon: You’re probably right. I was trying to be an atheist for a while, but I realized it’s just as arrogant as being a hard-boiled fundamentalist. It’s closed-minded and I like to be open-minded.”)
Matisse:
Henri Matisse: Modernist Against the Grain, Catherine Bock-Weiss, página 147. “Natural enough, since he was surrounded by priests and nuns during his later illnesses and while working on the Venice Chapel, even though he remained a convinced atheist.”
Laurie:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Hugh_Laurie
Oppenheimer, J. Robert:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Oppenheimer, Frank:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Frank_Oppenheimer
Nicholson:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jack_Nicholson
http://www.nndb.com/people/722/000022656/
Nash:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr.
Moore, Julianne:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Julianne_Moore
Nobel:
Michael Evlanoff; Marjorie Fluor (1969). Alfred Nobel, the loneliest millionaire. W. Ritchie Press. p. 88. “He declared himself an agnostic in his youth, an atheist later, but at the same time, bestowed generous sums to the church…”
Niemeyer:
http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/oscar-niemeyer/velorio-de-niemeyer-teve-hino-comunista-e-mencoes-ao-ateismo,4008b0f1d858b310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html
http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,ateu-e-com-medo-de-aviao-voou-e-teve-missa-imp-,970413
http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/5659_ATEUS+GRACAS+A+DEUS
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=PM_zVH5mD68C&pg=PT104&lpg=PT104&dq=niemeyer+era+declaradamente&source=bl&ots=RuFpCZtmWS&sig=DBVjAR8UHDZ2kjon6UmecSqw9cc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAWoVChMIsvHR3NG1xwIVhI-QCh0PvQ6o#v=onepage&q=niemeyer%20era%20declaradamente&f=false
Neruda:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Pablo_Neruda
Newman, Randy:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Randy_Newman
Nadal:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Rafael_Nadal
Nietzsche:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=d1SIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=jean+fran%C3%A7ois+lyotard+atheist&source=bl&ots=T3Fj_EExow&sig=qFznW0vqLHWqMHtZC4L2vboX9uQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=slaZVfObGsyegwT8p4egDg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=atheism&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_auhi5IvRKwC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=_oIdVAt_Sf&sig=BAWej97Megs3xsh9MJ7XOYEjbNk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
Orwell:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Orwell
Numan:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Gary_Numan
Monet:
“Much closer to Monet’s own atheism and pessimism is Schopenhauer, already introduced to the impressionist circle in the criticism of Theodore Duret in the 1870s and whose influence in France was at its peak in 1886, the year of The World as Will and Idea.” Steven Z. Levine, Claude Monet, Monet, Narcissus, and self-reflection: the modernist myth of the self (1994), page 66.
“Then Monet took the end of his brush and drew some long straight strokes in the wet pigment across her chest. It’s not clear, and probably not consciously intended by the atheist Claude Monet, but somehow the suggestion of a Cross lies there on her body.” Ruth Butler, Hidden in the shadow of the master: the model-wives of Cézanne, Monet, and Rodin (2008), page 202.
Mirren:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Dame_Helen_Mirren
Rubinstein:
Philip S. Taylor (2007). Anton Rubinstein: A Life in Music. Indiana University Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780253116758. “In the ecclesiastical and religious sense I am an atheist, but I am convinced that it would be a misfortune if people had no religion, no church, no God.”
Rand:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-kXok4tznU (“— You do not accept the existence of a god, a prime mover… — No.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dErp5_lCjjU (“Every argument for the existence of God is incomplete, improper and has been refuted and people go on and on because they want to believe.”)
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ayn_Rand
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Ed Hindson, Ergun Caner (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. As such, one could speak of existential atheists (Sartre), Marxist atheists (Marx), psychological atheists (Freud), capitalistic atheists (Ayn Rand), and behavioristic atheists (BF Skinner).
http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-41575532 (“Ela também se declarava contra as leis antidrogas e seu ateísmo fez com que ela afirmasse que o conservadorismo religioso era “o pior de todos.”)
Jones, Griff Rhys:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Griff_Rhys-Jones
Pegg:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Simon_Pegg
Martin:
http://www.ew.com/article/2011/07/12/george-martin-talks-a-dance-with-dragons
Pinker:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Steven_Pinker
Rushdie:
http://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/faithandreason101_print.html
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/jan/29/salman-rushdie-satanic-verses-censorship
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
Pavlov:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Pauling:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Linus_Pauling
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Proust:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Marcel_Proust
Penrose:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9032000/9032626.stm (“I’m not a believer myself. I don’t believe in established religions of any kind. I would say I’m an atheist”)
http://nautil.us/issue/47/consciousness/roger-penrose-on-why-consciousness-does-not-compute (“Penrose is an atheist who calls himself ‘a very materialistic and physicalist kind of person’”)
Radcliffe:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe
Pratchett:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Terry_Pratchett
Rodgers:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Richard_Rodgers
Phoenix:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix
Randi:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/James_Randi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmK4EUkUWf4
Pitt:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Brad_Pitt
Russell:
http://bertrandrussell.org/archives/BRSpapers/2012/agnostic.php
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bertrand_Russell
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Russell said: “As a philosopher, if I were speaking to a purely philosophic audience I should say that I ought to describe myself as an Agnostic, because I do not think that there is a conclusive argument by which one prove that there is not a God. On the other hand, if I am to convey the right impression to the ordinary man in the street I think I ought to say that I am an Atheist… None of us would seriously consider the possibility that all the gods of Homer really exist, and yet if you were to set to work to give a logical demonstration that Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and the rest of them did not exist you would find it an awful job. You could not get such proof. Therefore, in regard to the Olympic gods, speaking to a purely philosophical audience, I would say that I am an Agnostic. But speaking popularly, I think that all of us would say in regard to those gods that we were Atheists. In regard to the Christian God, I should, I think, take exactly the same line.” Am I an Agnostic or an Atheist?, from Last Philosophical Testament 1943–1968, (1997) Routledge ISBN 0-415-09409-7. Russell was chosen by LOOK magazine to speak for agnostics in their well-known series explaining the religions of the U.S., and authored the essay “What Is An Agnostic?” which appeared 3 November 1953 in that magazine.
Poincaré:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9
Rimsky-Korsakov:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov
Abraham, Gerald, “Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich”. In The New Grove Russian Masters 2 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1986). ISBN 0-393-30103-6. Página 27.
Abraham, Gerald, Studies in Russian Music (London: William Reeves/The New Temple Press, 1936). Página 288.
Morrison, Simon, Russian Opera and the Symbolist Movement (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002). ISBN 0-520-22943-6. Páginas 116–117 e 168–169.
Ricardo:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/David_Ricardo
Kurtz:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kurtz
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Paul_Kurtz
Kline:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Kevin_Kline
Peikoff:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Leonard_Peikoff
Ostwald:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald
Jürgen Kocka (2010). Jürgen Kocka, ed. Work in a Modern Society: The German Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective. Berghahn Books. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-84545-575-0. Even Wilhelm Ostwald, who was the most radical atheist among these scholars, uses the instrument of the ‘Monistic Sunday Sermons’ to spread his ideas on rationality.
Savage:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Adam_Savage
Schopenhauer:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer
Simon:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon
Sartre:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre
http://www.revistaplaneta.com.br/sem-fe-nem-deus/
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_auhi5IvRKwC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=jean+baudrillard+atheist&source=bl&ots=_oIdVAt_Sf&sig=BAWej97Megs3xsh9MJ7XOYEjbNk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=lFGZVfPfKsyXNsTvgbAH&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=jean%20baudrillard%20atheist&f=false
http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/7e.htm
Sartre, Jean-Paul (2004) [1946]. “An existentialist ethics”. In Gensler, Harry J.; Spurgin, Earl W.; Swindal, James C. Ethics: Contemporary Readings. London: Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 0-415-25680-1.
Ed Hindson, Ergun Caner (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. As such, one could speak of existential atheists (Sartre), Marxist atheists (Marx), psychological atheists (Freud), capitalistic atheists (Ayn Rand), and behavioristic atheists (BF Skinner).
Searle:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Searle
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Shostakovich:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich
Sacks:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Oliver_Sacks
Santayana:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Santayana
Schrödinger:
Walter J. Moore (1994). A Life of Erwin Schrödinger. Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–290. ISBN 9780521469340. “In one respect, however, he is not a romantic: he does not idealize the person of the beloved, his highest praise is to consider her his equal. “When you feel your own equal in the body of a beautiful woman, just as ready to forget the world for you as you for her – oh my good Lord – who can describe what happiness then. You can live it, now and again – you cannot speak of it.” Of course, he does speak of it, and almost always with religious imagery. Yet at this time he also wrote, “By the way, I never realized that to be nonbelieving, to be an atheist, was a thing to be proud of. It went without saying as it were.” And in another place at about this same time: “Our creed is indeed a queer creed. You others, Christians (and similar people), consider our ethics much inferior, indeed abominable. There is that little difference. We adhere to ours in practice, you don’t.” Whatever problems they may have had in their love affair, the pangs of conscience were not among them. Sheila was as much an unbeliever as Erwin, but in a less complex, more realistic way. She was never entirely convinced by his vedantic theology.”
Andrea Diem-Lane. Spooky Physics. MSAC Philosophy Group. p. 42. ISBN 9781565430808. “In terms of religion, Schrodinger fits in the atheist camp. He even lost a marriage proposal to his love, Felicie Krauss, not only due to his social status but his lack of religious affiliation. He was known as a freethinker who did not believe in god. But interestingly Schrodinger had a deep connection to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Eastern philosophy in general. Erwin studied numerous books on Eastern thought as well as the Hindu scriptures. He was enthralled with Vedanta thought and connected ideas of oneness and unity of mind with his research on quantum physics, specifically wave mechanics.”
Moore, Walter (1989). Schrödinger: Life and Thought. ISBN 0-521-43767-9. “He rejected traditional religious beliefs (Jewish, Christian, and Islamic) not on the basis of any reasoned argument, nor even with an expression of emotional antipathy, for he loved to use religious expressions and metaphors, but simply by saying that they are naive.”
Walter J. Moore (1992). Schrödinger: Life and Thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780521437677. “He claimed to be an atheist, but he always used religious symbolism and believed his scientific work was an approach to the godhead.”
Scott, Eugenie:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Eugenie_Scott
Scott, Ridley:
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/magazine/ridley-scott-most-novelists-are-desperate-to-do-what-i-do.html?smid=tw-nytimes&_r=2&
Schwartz:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Laurent_Schwartz
Laurent Schwartz (2001). A Mathematician Grappling With His Century. Springer. p. 193. ISBN 9783764360528. My parents were atheists, I was an atheist, I never really felt Jewish.
Schwartsman:
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/pensata/helioschwartsman/ult510u598859.shtml
Soros:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Soros
Stevenson:
Theo Tait (30 January 2005). “Like an intelligent hare – Theo Tait reviews Robert Louis Stevenson by Claire Harman”. The Telegraph. Retrieved 4 August 2013. A decadent dandy who envied the manly Victorian achievements of his family, a professed atheist haunted by religious terrors, a generous and loving man who fell out with many of his friends – the Robert Louis Stevenson of Claire Harman’s biography is all of these and, of course, a bed-ridden invalid who wrote some of the finest adventure stories in the language. […] Worse still, he affected a Bohemian style, haunted the seedier parts of the Old Town, read Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, and declared himself an atheist. This caused a painful rift with his father, who damned him as a “careless infidel”.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson
Smith, Robert:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Robert_Smith
Smith, John Maynard:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith
Smart:
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/oct/30/jjc-smart
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/J.J.C._Smart
Soderbergh:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/jan/07/features.review
Ulvaeus:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7nIn5gFCVs, em 1:13: “— You are an atheist, aren’t you ? — Yes, I am.”
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ulvaeus
Skinner:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner#Biography
http://allpsych.com/biographies/skinner/#.VcrCfPlViko
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=Among+celebrity+atheists+with+much+biographical+data,+we+find+leading&source=bl&ots=KiseBdqX5V&sig=kBsqxoChteFR9E0LeXmvhkPkaYA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIzcver-v8xgIVAZOQCh1F4Q4m#v=onepage&q=Among%20celebrity%20atheists%20with%20much%20biographical%20data%2C%20we%20find%20leading&f=false
“Within a year I had gone to Miss Graves to tell her that I no longer believed in God. ‘I know,’ she said, ‘I have been through that myself.’ But her strategy misfired: I never went through it.” B.F. Skinner, pp. 387-413, E.G. Boring and G. Lindzey’s A History of Psychology in Autobiography (Vol. 5), New York: Appleton Century-Crofts, 1967.
Ed Hindson, Ergun Caner (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. As such, one could speak of existential atheists (Sartre), Marxist atheists (Marx), psychological atheists (Freud), capitalistic atheists (Ayn Rand), and behavioristic atheists (BF Skinner).
Singer:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Peter_Singer
Vedder:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Eddie_Vedder
Turing:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Alan_Turing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing#Education
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Stirner:
“As he wrote: “Stirner’s egoism springs from a conscious and total atheism, with this playful indifference and apathy to any higher essence being the prerequisite for encountering one’s own being, one’s uniqueness, Einzigkeit.” Laurel Jean Fredrickson, Duke University, Kate Millett and Jean-Jacques Lebel: Sexual outlaws in the intermedia borderlands of art and politics, p.136.
Susskind:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Leonard_Susskind
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Smolin:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Lee_Smolin
Steinhaus:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Hugo_Steinhaus
Urey:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Harold_Urey
Vavilov:
Peter Pringle (2008). The Murder of Nikolai Vavilov: The Story of Stalin’s Persecution of One of the Great Scientists of the Twentieth Century. Simon and Schuster. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-7432-6498-3. Despite his strict upbringing in the Orthodox Church, Vavilov had been an atheist from an early age. If he worshipped anything, it was science.
Veloso:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPI9d8pIYC4, aos 43 segundos: “(…) eu pedi a Deus — eu nem acredito em Deus, mas pedi a Deus pra que me chamassem pra fazer a música pra esse filme.”
http://www.vermelho.org.br/diario/2002/0609/pompe_0609.asp
http://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/nao-existem-ateus-na-bahia
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/caetano-veloso-ateu-famoso.html#.VaLBlflViko
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Caetano_Veloso
Tarantino:
August 17, 2009 interview with Howard Stern and Robin Quivers:
HS: Do you thank God? Are you a religious man?
QT: Not really.
HS: Do you thank some to nature of…because, uh, who gets that thought?
QT: It’s funny you say that because I’m not a religious man. At the same time, if I am religious, it’s about my writing ability.
HS: YES!
QT: I do feel that there is….I consider it a God-given gift, even though I don’t really believe in God. I’m gonna go with that.
Varèse:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se
Wales:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jimmy_Wales
http://bigthink.com/videos/what-do-you-believe-25
Venter:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Craig_Venter
Weber:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Joseph_Weber
Woolf, Virginia:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Virginia_Woolf
Woolf, Leonard:
S. P. Rosenbaum, ‘Woolf, Leonard Sidney (1880–1969)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Verdi:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=zh74BLNKAicC&pg=PT337&lpg=PT337&dq=For+some+virtuous+people+a+belief+in+God+is+necessary.+Others,+equally&source=bl&ots=Mmxv1m5Kdb&sig=LH-8QfZM1APvG0XL2kWxEsPsVR0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=mYGdVZPwNMaFwgStm42AAQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=For%20some%20virtuous%20people%20a%20belief%20in%20God%20is%20necessary.%20Others%2C%20equally&f=false
Vidal:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Gore_Vidal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MiQJOI_3PA, aos 3:44: “That’s why I’m an atheist, and not an agnostic.”
Weinberg:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Steven_Weinberg
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Wozniak:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Steve_Wozniak
Weisskopf:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Victor_Frederick_Weisskopf
Zuse:
Jane Smiley (2010). The Man Who Invented the Computer: The Biography of John Atanasoff, Digital Pioneer Random House Digital, Inc. [S.l.] ISBN 9780385527132. Like Alan Turing, Zuse was educated in a system that focused on a child’s emotional and philosophical life as well as his intellectual life, and at the end of school, like Turing, Zuse found himself to be something of an outsider—to the disappointment of his very conventional parents, he no longer believed in God or religion.
Konrad Zuse (1993). The Computer, My Life Springer [S.l.] pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-3-540-56453-9. The only problem was that the progressive spirit at our school did not always correspond to my parents’ ideas. This was particularly true for religious instruction, which now and again seemed even to us pupils to be rather too enlightened. After the ‘Abitur’ my parents wanted to go to communion with me; is was a terrible disappointment to them when I wouldn’t go. They had lived under the illusion that I was a good student when it came to religion, too, which wasn’t the case. …I remember a poem presented by a student, which made a great impression on me. The essence of the poem read, “Basically, you are always alone.” I have forgotten the name of the poet, but have often experienced the truth of these words in later life.”
Vonnegut Jr.:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut_Jr.
Vonnegut, Kurt (2009). Palm Sunday: An Autobiographical Collage. Random House Publishing, pp. 177, 185 e 191. ISBN 978-0-307-56806-9.
Vernadsky:
Lynn Margulis; Dorion Sagan (2000). What Is Life?. University of California Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-520-22021-8. Both the French paleontologist-priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and the Russian atheist Vladimir Vernadsky agreed that Earth is developing a global mind.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Vladimir_Vernadsky
von Trier:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Lars_von_Trier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_von_Trier
Zappa:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Frank_Zappa
Waters, Roger:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14784-roger-waters (“Please, God — I’m an atheist so maybe I shouldn’t be asking God — but let Barack Obama finally win the Democratic nomination (…)” e “Thank god. If there was a god, you know, which there isn’t.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asFm7lA32k0, aos 43 segundos: “I’m a radical atheist.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngCyGsC2BXA, aos 4:50: “I, personally, I’m an atheist (…)”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMUYiWoWPio, em 1:49: “I’m more a kind of believer-in-the-dawning-of-the-age-of-reason kind of a guy. I like to think that we should be good to each other on pragmatic grounds rather than because God tells us to be.”
Waters, Harry:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Harry_Waters (“I’m an atheist, I don’t believe in God or an after life or re-incarnation”)
http://www.mattjohns.f9.co.uk/roger/bangalore.html
Zuckerberg:
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119621309736406034
Alef, Daniel. Mark Zuckerberg: The Face Behind Facebook and Social Networking, Titans of Fortune Publishing (2010)
Kirkpatrick, David (2010). The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World. New York City: Simon & Schuster. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-4391-0211-4. https://books.google.com.br/books?id=RRUkLhyGZVgC&pg=PA20&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Boggan, Steve (May 21, 2010). “The Billionaire Facebook Founder making a fortune from your secrets (though you probably don’t know he’s doing it)”. Daily Mail (UK). Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. https://archive.is/20120724033022/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1280330/The-billionaire-Facebook-founder-making-fortune-secrets-probably-dont-know-hes-doing-it.html
https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/12/no-im-not-an-atheist-and-i-believe-religion-is-very-important-mark-zuckerberg/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/former-atheist-mark-zuckerberg-religion_us_58684845e4b0eb586489cb9e
Chuang Tzu:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Zhuangzi
Zariski:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Oscar_Zariski
Yalom:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Irvin_D._Yalom
Xenakis:
Zbigniew Skowron, ed. (2001). Lutoslawski Studies. Oxford University Press. pp. 122-123. ISBN 9780198166603. “In accordance with his atheist views, Xenakis emphasizes the finality of death as the ultimate event of human life, and this is probably why wild shrieks and moans punctuate his score.”
Iliescu, Mihu. Beyond the modern-postmodern cleavage: Xenakis’ mythical thinking, p. 4. “On the other hand, Xenakis is a non religious modern man who regards himself as an atheist. He does not conceive of repeating in any way the work of anyone else, be it a god.”
“Man is one, indivisible, and total. He thinks with his belly and feels with his mind. I would like to propose what, to my mind, covers the term “music”:…7. It is a mystical (but atheistic) asceticism…” Iannis Xenakis, Formalized music: thought and mathematics in composition (1992), page 181.
Wilmut:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Ian_Wilmut
Williams, Bernard:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bernard_Williams
Zwicky:
Swiss-American Historical Society (2006). Newsletter, Volumes 42-43. The Society. p. 17. Zwicky has dealt critically with religion during his whole life. A 1971 diary entry states: “To base the inexplainabilty and the immense wonder of nature upon another miracle, God, is unnecessary and not acceptable for any serious thinker.” According to one story, Zwicky once discussed the beginning of the universe with a priest. The priest, quoting Scriptures, stated that the universe had started with “and there is light.” Zwicky replied that he would buy this, if instead God had said “and there is electromagnetism”.
Wigner:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner#Early_life
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Eugene_Wigner
Seldovich:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov_Borisovich_Zel%27dovich#Early_life_and_education
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Yakov_Borisovich_Zel%27dovich
Pitanga:
http://www.terra.com.br/istoe-temp/edicoes/1970/artigo57164-1.htm (“Acho que Deus é uma ficção. O homem tem essa necessidade de se projetar numa coisa universal.”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/camila-pitanga-ateia-famosa.html#.VaXNcvlViko
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZ79W-OIsgs
Welles:
Terrail, Patrick, A Taste of Hollywood: The Story of Ma Maison. New York: Lebhar-Friedman Books, 1999, p. 104-105. ISBN 9780867307672
Whaley, Barton, Orson Welles: The Man Who Was Magic. Lybrary.com, 2005, p. 12. ASIN B005HEHQ7E
Moore, G. E.:
William C. Lubenow (1998). The Cambridge Apostles, 1820-1914: Liberalism, Imagination, and Friendship in British Intellectual and Professional Life. Cambridge University Press. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-521-57213-2. “G.E. Moore was another agnostic Apostle. After an intense religious phase as a boy, Moore came to call himself an infidel…”
Schlick:
William J. Deangelis (172). Ludwig Wittgenstein – a Cultural Point of View: Philosophy in the Darkness of This Time. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 9781409485377. Positivists did not merely reject religious discourse as meaningless, they rejected religion. They thought of religious belief as confused and nonsensical. …their unofficial leader, Moritz Schlick, thought of religion as a kind of childhood phase in the intellectual development of humankind, a phase that will wither and become obsolete as scientific ways of knowing become the accepted paradigm. To this extent, one can say that Schlick’s attitude and that of most of his fellow Positivists was atheistic.
Ouro Preto:
http://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/noticia/2010/06/restart-faz-fresn-parecer-dostoievski-diz-dinho-ouro-preto.html (“(…) diz que conseguiu transformar o “azedo” acidente em algo “mais doce” ao aproveitar o tempo para revisar as letras de “Das Kapital”, mas que não sentiu nenhuma revelação espiritual com o acontecido. “Eu não sou religioso, meu pai é ateu, eu sou agnóstico. Eu não tive essa coisa cósmica, de ficar grato. É muito difícil transformar isso em um sentimento de gratidão. Pô, meu acidente foi uma m…! Eu tenho dificuldade de extrair algo de positivo disso.””)
Eller:
http://revistamarieclaire.globo.com/Marieclaire/0,6993,EML372675-1740-2,00.html (“— Marie Claire: Você é religiosa? — Cássia Eller: Eu já quis ser freira. Fui muito religiosa até uns 17 anos. Ia à missa, ajudava na paróquia, já cantei em missa, sabia os hinos de cor. Mas depois virei atéia total. Não rezo mais, há muitos anos.”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/cassia-eller-ateia-famosa.html#.VaXMzflViko
Gomes:
http://www.rodaviva.fapesp.br/materia/405/entrevistados/dias_gomes_1995.htm
http://ego.globo.com/famosos/noticia/2015/01/mayra-dias-gomes-homenageia-pai-dias-gomes.html
http://colunas.revistaepoca.globo.com/brunoastuto/2013/06/24/viuva-de-dias-gomes-fara-participacao-em-saramandaia/
Moraes, Alinne:
http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/revista-da-tv/protagonista-de-nova-serie-da-globo-alinne-moraes-diz-que-hoje-acha-sua-mudanca-de-nome-uma-cafonice-6426246
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2013/08/alinne-moraes-ateia-famosa.html#.VaXNdPlViko
Gallagher, Liam:
http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/musicnews/Liam+Gallagher-7147.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20090204122427/http://atheistalliance.org/aaw/atheistmusicians_ftom.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Gallagher#Public_persona
Gombrich:
http://www.carlgombrich.org/memoir-of-ernst-gombrich-guest-post-by-richard-gombrich/
https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gombriche.htm
Lago:
http://www.samba-choro.com.br/s-c/tribuna/samba-choro.0206/0000.html
http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/MarioLag.html
http://lago100.blogspot.com.br/2012/05/mario-lago-sempre-presente.html
Lattes:
http://www.canalciencia.ibict.br/notaveis/livros/cesar_lattes_6.html
Filho:
http://filhooscar.tumblr.com/post/97827242211/se-alguem-precisa-de-religiao-para-ser-bom-a
http://www.oscarfilho.com.br/2012/05/jesus-no-coracao/
http://noticias.gospelmais.com.br/oscar-filho-humorista-do-cqc-causa-polemica-ao-afirmar-que-a-crucificacao-nao-existiu-e-que-jesus-era-masoquista.html
Gleiser:
https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe0312200601.htm (“Eu sou um desses ateus liberais que Dawkins critica”)
https://videos.band.uol.com.br/13133390/marcelo-gleiser-explica-particula-de-deus-%E2%80%93-parte-5.html, aos 5:52 (“A mecânica universal não precisa de Deus; as pessoas podem precisar de Deus.”)
Nova:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa01pJr6IWE, aos 52 segundos: “— Sei que você é ateu. — Graças a Deus ! — E acredita no Diabo ? — Nem um pouco; nem um pouco. É uma tolice isso, né ? Você tem que reduzir… cara, a vida é tão interessante, ela é tão cheia de sabores, de mistérios, de complexidade, e aí você reduz a uma ideia de bem e a uma ideia de mal, e quem é bonzinho vai pra isso e quem é mauzinho fica ali; é tão pequena essa ideia. Nós merecemos mais do que Deus e o demônio, muito mais.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94nXMeSVn78&list=WL, aos 32:23: “E eu sou ateu.”
Nachtergaele:
http://www.bemparana.com.br/noticia/103494/confira-a-entrevista-com-o-ator-matheus-nachtergaele
http://noticias.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI298969-EI1487,00.html
http://revistacult.uol.com.br/home/2012/03/nao-sou-um-grande-ator/
Nicolelis:
http://revistaplaneta.terra.com.br/secao/entrevista/papo-cabeca (“— Planeta: Você falou de três símbolos religiosos. Você é ateu? — Nicolelis: Sim, mas acho que a religião faz parte do sistema nervoso. Como o cérebro é um simulador da realidade, ele cria um modelo e uma ilusão de realidade para cada um de nós. Ele precisa de uma história: de onde viemos? Como começou o universo?”)
https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/scientist-appointed-to-vatican-academy-admits-he-is-pro-legalization-of-abo/ (“(…) the scientist affirms that he is “atheist, pro-legalization of abortion,” and “pro-civil-unions for homosexuals.””)
Autran:
http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/198/entrevista/index.htm
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2014/02/autran-acreditava-em-deus-como-acreditava-no-papai-noel.html#.VaWpwPlViko
Chagas:
http://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/a-fugidia-intencao (“A imensa dor da perda de Cacilda foi suportada sem o lenitivo de crença alguma. “Sou ateu. Li Jean-Paul Sartre e estudei em colégio de padres. Os sacerdotes têm esse poder de nos afastar da religião”, diz Walmor, sorriso a iluminar o semblante de linhas fortes e harmoniosas que tantas vezes emprestou aos papéis de galã. “Deus é uma coisa muito perigosa”, pontifica o vozeirão (…)”)
http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/292/reportagens/walmor_chagas.htm (“Não tenho religião, sou ateu. O meu ‘Deus’ é o Fernando Pessoa.”)
Francis:
http://www.rodaviva.fapesp.br/imprimir.php?id=363 (“Boris Casoy: Deixa eu te fazer uma pergunta clássica, que eu achei que ela não iria se repetir, mas ela me persegue agora. Você acredita em Deus? Paulo Francis: De jeito nenhum. [Risos] Eu acho que você já fez essa pergunta ao Fernando Henrique com conseqüências trágicas. (…) Geraldo Mayrink: Mas eu não ouvi a sua resposta. Paulo Francis: Não há realmente a menor possibilidade. (…) nós não temos instrumentos para dizer que existe um Deus. Não há instrumentos intelectuais, tudo o que você tem, a mecânica do quantum, que é a coisa mais avançada que há nesse setor, tudo o que você tem de científico demonstra que não existe.”)
Gullar:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/02/ferreira-gullar-ateu-famoso.html#.VaWpM_lViko
http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/5659_ATEUS+GRACAS+A+DEUS
http://tvcultura.com.br/videos/13242_ferreira-gullar-28-02-2011.html, aos 46:46: “o homem inventou Deus para que este o criasse.”
Veríssimo, Luís Fernando:
http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/teatro/zuenir-ventura-verissimo-ziraldo-inspiram-musical-sobre-velhice-15599278 (“Verissimo endossa: — Sou ateu praticante.”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/02/luiz-fernando-verissimo-ateu-famoso.html#.VaWsZflVikp
Veríssimo, Érico:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=W7RUcwI2H-4C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=%C3%A9rico+ver%C3%ADssimo+agn%C3%B3stico&source=bl&ots=l1U5gsKdzW&sig=Y-cbOHxWowv35Lac9Eka4hJn4xU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBGoVChMIsIX93vPbxgIVQ36QCh3bbgm2#v=onepage&q=%C3%A9rico%20ver%C3%ADssimo%20agn%C3%B3stico&f=false
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/02/luiz-fernando-verissimo-ateu-famoso.html#.VaWsZflVikp
http://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/pronunciamentos/-/p/texto/357050
Lessa:
http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/reporterbbc/story/2006/05/060512_ivanlessaebc.shtml (“Eu sou pagão e me considero ateu.”)
Konder:
http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/2002/12/01/o-discreto-charme-do-marxismo/ (“— O senhor é um socialista ateu? — Eu acho que sim. (…) minha revisão e reavaliação positiva do papel da consciência religiosa não significa o abandono da minha descrença básica de ateu. (…) não acredito em Deus, mas tenho boas relações com ele.”)
Ribeiro:
http://amaivos.uol.com.br/amaivos2015/index.asp?pg=noticias&cod_Canal=29&cod_Noticia=11501
http://ibict.metodista.br/tedeSimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3492, p. 77, 78 e 79
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBf911VcHBM, em 1:02: “Poucos dias antes de Darcy Ribeiro morrer, eu ouvi uma linda entrevista dele, que deve ter sido uma das últimas que ele deu, em que ele falava dessa questão da… dessa “passagem”, e ele dizia com muita seriedade, com muita amorosidade — que isso foi sempre o que ele foi, um homem sério e um homem amoroso, indiscutivelmente, e… um homem corajoso, um homem que lidou com a [ininteligível] de maneira poética, inclusive — e ele dizia ‘olha, se a questão da fé passasse mesmo pela razão crítica, eu até que teria fé’. Eu ri, ele rindo, amoroso, e dizia ‘Eu fiz tudo, mas não deu’. No fundo, ele diz com palavras que eu não sei repetir agora, mas ele disse por exemplo ‘eu não sou mais do que o meu cadáver, quer dizer, quando eu morro eu sou um monte de coisas que se desfazem’.”
Amado:
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/ilustrada/ult90u16398.shtml
http://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/nao-existem-ateus-na-bahia
http://www.tribunadabahia.com.br/2010/08/10/maior-escritor-baiano-jorge-amado-completaria-hoje-98-anos
http://www.informacoesemfoco.com/2013/01/jorge-amado-e-contribuicao-no-combate.html#.VaxcMvlViko
Gattai:
http://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/nao-existem-ateus-na-bahia
Bandeira:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=UcxU2Ug7AzwC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=manuel+bandeira+ateu&source=bl&ots=L4lOpeQx_O&sig=k6ZO8Yn8wUNEIN-hIo9JkwVxVEk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA2oVChMIoNjAmZDcxgIVDBWQCh108AOW#v=onepage&q=manuel%20bandeira%20ateu&f=false
http://dlcv.fflch.usp.br/node/50
Porchat:
http://cultura.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,no-brasil-nao-ha-bons-roteiristas-diz-fabio-porchat-imp-,1015517 (“— Estadão: Vocês usam muitas referências bíblicas. Qual dos roteiristas tem esse conhecimento? — Porchat: Eu. Talvez porque seja ateu… Eu escrevi agora um com Noé, um com Abraão e um com José e Maria. E olha que eu só li alguns trechos, mas leio a Bíblia com muita curiosidade. — Estadão: Sua família é religiosa? — Porchat: Não, nem um pouco. Acho muito curioso uma pessoa ser religiosa, fico muito impressionado. Mas acho que o comediante tem de estar antenado em tudo. Tudo é material para uma piada.”)
http://globosatplay.globo.com/gnt/v/2954233/?muu, aos 33 minutos: “—Marília Gabriela: Você é um crente? — Fábio Porchat: Não! Ao contrário, eu sou um descrente total. — Marília Gabriela: Mas você adora a religião por quê? — Fábio Porchat: Porque eu acho tão surreal a religião. Eu acho tão surreal uma pessoa acreditar numa coisa que ela não vê! E inclusive matar gente por conta disso… brigar com pessoas: “Por que é?!” – “Porque sim! Porque eu acredito!” …. Eu acho tão louco isso, porque daí você fala: “Então tá bom, eu acredito num Pônei Azul!!!””
Kfouri:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:KFFMt9WIzq4J:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/esporte/fk3007200922.htm+&cd=3&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/juca-kfouri-ateu-famoso.html#.VaXM2flViko
Fagundes:
http://extra.globo.com/tv-e-lazer/antonio-fagundes-nao-ha-uma-grande-verdade-sobre-mim-377190.html
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2014/02/fagundes-diz-que-nao-precisa-de-deus-para-ser-etico.html#.VaXM2_lViko
Wilker:
http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/cultura/fui-educado-por-padres-pedofilos/n1237598836531.html (“— Último Segundo: Como isso influenciou sua concepção atual sobre a religião? — Wilker: Eu sou ateu. Minha experiência com a religião católica, durante meus anos de formação, me despertou a mais absoluta descrença em valores que eles transmitem, ao tentar vender ideias que, no exercício diário, eram opostas ao que pregavam. As respostas que eu obtinha não eram satisfatórias às minhas perguntas.”)
Boechat:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq3NV09_XPY (em 1:30, “meu marido era o ateu que mais praticava o mandamento mais importante de todos, que era do amor ao próximo…”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/ricardo-boechat-ateu-famoso.html#.VaXM1PlViko
http://guiame.com.br/gospel/mundo-cristao/jornalista-ateu-da-band-diz-que-ouvintes-tentam-converte-lo.html (“Ricardo Boechat (foto), 59, da BandNews FM, tem recebido cartas de ouvintes que tentam converte-lo ao cristinanismo. O jornalista, que é ateu assumido há muitos anos, fez essa revelação durante conversa com Luiz Megale (…)”)
Reis:
http://www.estadao.com.br/blogs/jt-variedades/nando-reis-lanca-baiao-do-ruivao/ (“Mas, eu não acredito em Deus. Ao mesmo tempo, tenho admiração e sou impactado pelo milagre da vida. Sou evolucionista. Se eu acreditasse em Deus, jogaria sobre Ele todas as cagadas que eu fiz na vida. Acho hipócrita quem diz que acredita em Deus e acha que pode rezar e depois fazer um monte de merda. Você tem de acertar as contas com a sua consciência. Se existe Deus, é a minha consciência.”)
http://revistaquem.globo.com/Revista/Quem/0,,EMI262814-9531,00.html (“Eu não acredito em Deus. Eu não peço a Deus…”)
Mainardi:
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/saopaulo/867632-diogo-mainardi-escreve-livro-sobre-paralisia-cerebral-do-filho.shtml (“Apesar de se dizer ateu, uma das poucas peças de decoração de sua sala é um oratório de madeira com a imagem de São Francisco. “É brasileiro, presente de minha mãe.””)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/diogo-mainardi-ateu-famoso.html#.VaXMyflViko
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiWN7_toK0g (“Embora eu seja ateu e diga pra eles que não é pra acreditar em Deus.”)
Bellotto:
http://web.archive.org/web/20141223101050/http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/cenas-urbanas/viagem/impasses-de-um-ateu/ (“Eu, antes discreto, passei a afirmar ultimamente meu ateísmo com mais convicção.”)
http://web.archive.org/web/20160409223709/http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/deus-prefere-os-ateus-12179875 (“Há os que me acusam de me aferrar ao ateísmo com a mesma convicção que um fanático se aferra à religião. Não mesmo. Simplesmente descreio e não fundamento minha descrença com dogmas.”)
Beltrão:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2014/05/andrea-beltrao-cre-em-pessoas-nao-em-deus.html#.VaXNZPlViko
http://revistamarieclaire.globo.com/Revista/Common/0,,EMI96286-17737,00-ANDREA+BELTRAO+TEM+ANOS+DE+VIDA+DE+CARREIRA+POUQUISSIMAS+RUGAS+E+UMA+GRANDE.html (“Deus, religião e os signos do zodíaco não existem para Andréa Beltrão. A atriz, que há sete anos arranca gargalhadas como a cabeleireira Marilda de A grande família, é uma ateia convicta. ‘Sou cética mesmo. Não acredito em nada. Só em mim e nas pessoas que amo’, diz.”)
Mader:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2014/01/malu-mader-ateia-famosa.html#.VaXNbPlViko
http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/5659_ATEUS+GRACAS+A+DEUS
Falcão:
http://virgula.uol.com.br/musica/pop/clarice-falcao-se-apresenta-em-sp-e-comenta-polemica-envolvendo-video-sobre-jesus-sou-ateia/ (“(…) explica a cantora, que diz não ter religião: “sou ateia, mas não acho que o Brasil seja um país laico”.”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2013/09/clarice-diz-ser-ateia-e-lamenta-que-brasil-nao-seja-laico.html#.VaWP5_lViko
Abujamra:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:G0NfRHGZmtgJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/1997/7/16/ilustrada/11.html+&cd=12&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://entretenimento.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2015/04/29/a-vida-e-sua-estrague-a-como-quiser-aconselhava-antonio-abujamra.htm
Varella:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tPmuELCm_0, aos 6:48: “Olha, eu sou ateu.”
http://drauziovarella.com.br/drauzio/intolerancia-religiosa/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xq2YiR8fIU
http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/5659_ATEUS+GRACAS+A+DEUS
Fromm:
“About the same time he stopped observing Jewish religious rituals and rejected a cause he had once embraced, Zionism. He “just didn’t want to participate in any division of the human race, whether religious or political,” he explained decades later (Wershba, p. 12), by which time he was a confirmed atheist.” Keay Davidson: “Fromm, Erich Pinchas”, American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000 (accessed April 28, 2008)
http://www.erichfromm.net/ (“Although he was given a conservative (and pluralistic) upbringing and education, Fromm eventually turned out to be a rebel, forsaking his religion to become an atheist. He completely debunked religion as the basis of strife, discord and inequality. Religion spewed hatred and since he belonged to an insecure era caught in between the First World War and the coming Second World War, he felt it best to give up religion in favor of more humanitarian and realistic philosophies.”)
http://eqi.org/fromm.htm (“[Fromm] was a man who cherished an abiding love for the values of humanistic religion and the Jewish tradition in which he was raised. [He] was nonetheless a committed atheist who regarded belief in a personal creator God as an historical anachronism.” Fromm described himself as “an atheistic mystic, a Socialist who is in opposition to most Socialist and Communist parties, a psychoanalyst who is a very unorthodox Freudian.”)
Lobato:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:akTasT8GshEJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq25029818.htm+&cd=2&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
https://web.archive.org/web/20121018175807/http://revistacult.uol.com.br/home/2012/10/28054/
Carnegie:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie#Religion_and_world_view
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14671-andrew-carnegie
Monod:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Jacques_Monod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod#Career_and_research
http://monoskop.org/images/a/ad/Morin_Edgar_Method_vol_1_The_Nature_of_Nature.pdf, p. 401
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Torvalds:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds#Personal_life
Chalmers:
The problem of consciousness meets “Intelligent Design”, David Chalmers’s blog (“As it happens, I’m an atheist”). http://fragments.consc.net/djc/2008/10/the-problem-of-consciousness-meets-intelligent-design.html#comment-136467423
Paglia:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/an-atheist-s-defence-of-religion-1.835709
http://www.salon.com/2015/07/29/camille_paglia_takes_on_jon_stewart_trump_sanders_liberals_think_of_themselves_as_very_open_minded_but_that%E2%80%99s_simply_not_true/
Galeano:
http://www.anarquista.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/O-Livro-dos-Abra%C3%A7os-Eduardo-Galeano.pdf (“O catecismo me ensinou, na infância, a fazer o bem por interesse e a não fazer o mal por medo. Deus me oferecia castigos e recompensas, me ameaçava com o inferno e me prometia o céu; e eu temia e acreditava. Passaram-se os anos. Eu já não temo nem creio.”)
http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/eduardo-galeano-a-morte-de-um-profeta-ateu-por-jacques-tavora-alfonsin/
Roth:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2014/11/philip-roth-ateu-famoso.html#.VaXYnPlViko
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNv_a1CbX30 (“When the whole world doesn’t believe in God, it’ll be a great place.”)
Morin:
http://integralleadershipreview.com/1601-book-review-3/
http://monoskop.org/images/a/ad/Morin_Edgar_Method_vol_1_The_Nature_of_Nature.pdf, p. xvii e 401
Shannon:
William Poundstone (2010). Fortune’s Formula: The Untold Story of the Scientific Betting System. Macmillan. p. 18. ISBN 9780374707088. Shannon described himself as an atheist and was outwardly apolitical.
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Miller, Arthur:
Miller, quoted in the program for the Sydney Theatre Company’s production of his play “Broken Glass”, from an interview by Caroline Scott and Alexandra Lautenbacher in Sunday Times Magazine, 1995, says: “I have no formal religion but there’s a space in my head for it. Maybe I would believe in God if he believed in me. But we’re living in a reality that’s so hard to understand. In the last 75 years the human race has been humiliated in a way we’ve never known before…”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atheism_Tapes#Arthur_Miller
McGinn:
http://mcginn.philospot.com/?story=story100111-211826
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_McGinn#Radio_and_television
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atheism_Tapes#Colin_McGinn
Bauer:
http://moses.creighton.edu/jrs/2011/2011-19.pdf
Eliot:
http://lareviewofbooks.org/essay/look-no-more-backward-george-eliot-and-atheism
http://latechurchgoers.blogspot.com.br/2012/10/george-eliot-and-atheism.html
http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/tpls/article/viewFile/tpls0303445451/6592
http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/quote-e1.htm
Michelson:
Naukowe, Łódzkie (2003). Bulletin de la Société des sciences et des lettres de Łódź: Série, Recherches sur les déformations, Volumes 39–42. Société des sciences et des lettres de Łódź. p. 162. “Michelson’s biographers stress, that our hero was not conspicuous by religiousness. His father was a free-thinker and Michelson grew up in non-religious family and have no opportunity to acknowledge the believe of his forebears. He was agnostic through his whole life and only for the short period he was a member of the 21st lodge in Washington.”
John D. Barrow (2002). The Book of Nothing: Vacuums, Voids, and the Latest Ideas About the Origins of the Universe. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-375-72609-5. “Morley was deeply religious. His original training had been in theology and he only turned to chemistry, a self-taught hobby, when he was unable to enter the ministry. Michelson, by contrast, was a religious agnostic.”
1984; Dorothy Michelson Livingston; One Pass Productions; Cinema Guild. The Master of Light: A Biography of Albert A. Michelson. University of Chicago Press. p. 106. “On the religious question, Michelson disagreed with both these men. He had renounced any belief that moral issues were at stake in …”
Thorne:
Rory Carroll (21 June 2013). “Kip Thorne: physicist studying time travel tapped for Hollywood film”. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 30 October 2014. Thorne grew up in an academic, Mormon family in Utah but is now an atheist. “There are large numbers of my finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God, ranging from an abstract humanist God to a very concrete Catholic or Mormon God. There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and religion. I happen to not believe in God.”
Chandrasekhar:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar#Atheism
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Clarke:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke#On_religion
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke
Picasso:
“…so the atheist Picasso no doubt delighted in reinventing its use for the secular Communist cause of ‘Peace’.” Neil Cox, The Picasso Book (2010), page 124.
“Despite insisting that he was an atheist, Picasso would never be able to disown his faith” John Richardson, A Life of Picasso: The Triumphant Years, 1917-1932, Volume 3, page 395.
Seixas:
http://super.abril.com.br/cultura/raul-seixas-a-verdade-do-universo (“eu sou cético, agnóstico…”)
Raul Seixas: Um Produtor de Mestiçagens Musicais e Midiáticas (http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_arquivos/1/TDE-2012-05-17T07:04:56Z-12255/Publico/Cibele%20Simoes%20Ferreira%20Kerr%20Jorge.pdf), p. 126: “O repertório era complicado, minhas letras falavam de agnosticismo, essas coisas intelectuais.”
http://www.informacoesemfoco.com/2013/01/ateismo-presente-em-legado-de-raul.html#.VavPoflViko (“O que posso chegar mais perto enquanto classificação é o agnosticismo”.)
http://blogliterariopauloseixas.blogspot.com.br/2011/06/raul-seixas-e-sua-visao-em-relacao-deus.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9250OxZ9_sM, aos 38:15: “Raul não acreditava nem em Deus nem no Diabo, ele aguardava, ele esperava uma revelação. (…) Raul era agnóstico. O termo certo era agnóstico: não acreditava nem desacreditava. Ele tava esperando a revelação, ou esse deus aparecer ou se manifestar para ele (…)”
Lalande:
“He studied at the Jesuit College in Lyon and at this stage he nearly decided to join the Jesuit Order. In fact it was his parents who encouraged him to continue his education by going to Paris to study law, which he did. It is somewhat ironical that Lalande, who would later become renowned as an atheist, should have come so close to becoming a Jesuit.” J J O’Connor and E F Robertson, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de Lalande.
Morris:
“[Religion] is not an easy subject to deal with, but as zoologists we must do our best to observe what actually happens rather than listen to what is supposed to be happening. If we do this, we are forced to the conclusion that, in a behavioural sense, religious activities consist of the coming together of large groups of people to perform repeated and prolonged submissive displays to appease a dominant individual. The dominant individual takes many forms in different cultures, but always has the common factor of immense power. […] If these submissive actions are successful, the dominant individual is appeased. […] The dominant individual is usually, but not always, referred to as a god. Since none of these gods exist in a tangible form, why have they been invented? To find the answer to this we have to go right back to our ancestral origins.” Desmond Morris, The Naked Ape, p.178-179, Jonathan Cape, 1967.
“Man’s evolution as a neotenous ape has put him in a similar position to the dog’s. He becomes sexually mature and yet he still needs a parent — a super-parent, one as impressive to him as a man must be to a dog. The answer was to invent a god — either a female super-parent in the shape of a Mother Goddess, or a male god in the shape of God the Father, or perhaps even a whole family of gods. Like real parents they would both protect, punish and be obeyed. […] These — the houses of the gods — the temples, the churches and the cathedrals — are buildings apparently made for giants, and a space visitor would be surprised to find on closer examination that these giants are never at home. Their followers repeatedly visit them and bow down before them, but they themselves are invisible. Only their bell-like cries can be heard across the land. Man is indeed an imaginative species.” Desmond Morris, The Pocket Guide to Manwatching, p.234-236 Triad Paperbacks, 1982.
Jones:
“Scientists in Britain, where the film will premiere at next month’s London Film Festival, with general release in December, dismissed the intelligent design lobby’s expropriation of the film. Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London and an atheist, said: ‘I find it sad that people with intrinsically foolish viewpoints don’t recognise this as a naturally beautiful film, but have to attach their absurd social agendas to it.’ ” David Smith, ‘How the penguin’s life story inspired the US religious right: Antarctic family values’, The Observer, September 18, 2005, News Pages, Pg. 3.
On the side of the atheists were Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London, […] Jones, meanwhile, revealed that he would “love to believe in God”, because it would offer some degree of comfort. But he said he stopped believing in God as a child as soon as he discovered that what he was learning in school biology classes conflicted with the kind of things he had been taught in Sunday school – like dinosaurs and humans walking the earth at the same time.” If Darwin has really killed God, when was the funeral?’, Guardian Unlimited, 13 May 2009 (accessed 26 May 2009).
Kauffman:
http://www.salon.com/2008/11/19/stuart_kauffman/
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/scientific-seeker-stuart-kauffman-on-free-will-god-esp-and-other-mysteries/
Al-Khalili:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Al-Khalili#Personal_life
Kinsey:
“Kinsey was also shown to be an atheist who loathed religion and its constraints on sex.” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/sep/7/20040907-113843-7598r/?page=2
“Kinsey ultimately disavowed the Methodist religion of his parents and became an atheist.” http://www.psychologistanywhereanytime.com/famous_psychologist_and_psychologists/psychologist_famous_alfred_kinsey.htm
Gould:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould#Biography
Leakey:
Leakey, Leakey (1983). One Life: An Autobiography (p. 38)
Ryan Shaffer, “Evolution, Humanism, and Conservation: The Humanist Interview with Richard Leakey”, The Humanist, 29 June 2012. http://thehumanist.com/july-august-2012/evolution-humanism-and-conservation-the-humanist-interview-with-richard-leakey/
http://brainz.org/50-most-brilliant-atheists-all-time/
Eco:
“A Resounding Eco”, Time, 13 June 2005, His new book touches on politics, but also on faith. Raised Catholic, Eco has long since left the church. ‘Even though I’m still in love with that world, I stopped believing in God in my 20s after my doctoral studies on St. Thomas Aquinas. You could say he miraculously cured me of my faith,…’ http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1069054-2,00.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20141126025928/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ueco.htm
http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/5659_ATEUS+GRACAS+A+DEUS
http://entretenimento.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2016/08/02/uol-conhece-a-biblioteca-mais-antiga-de-sao-paulo-que-e-fechada-ao-publico.htm
Chernyshevsky:
Ana Siljak, “Angel of Vengeance: The “Girl Assassin,” the Governor of St. Petersburg, and Russia’s Revolutionary World”, p. 58.
France:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14342-anatole-france
http://www.vqronline.org/essay/anatole-france
http://www.nndb.com/people/996/000031903/
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/anatole-france-694.php
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ds8ZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA684&lpg=PA684&dq=anatole+france+atheist&source=bl&ots=F8MTZ2Nukq&sig=hsLSgzDgRxPXh30GP4aYHYv8PRU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBGoVChMI3qestevnyAIVwYSQCh24JwbU#v=onepage&q=anatole%20france%20atheist&f=false
Andrade, Carlos Drummond:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bl0mCCths0c (“Eu não creio em Deus. Seria incoerência apelar para ele no final da vida. Admiro muito a postura de Machado de Assis, que não chamou ninguém quando se defrontou com a morte. Essa ideia me acompanha.” – Trecho de entrevista com o poeta de 11/10/1985)
Trecho do documentário O Fazendeiro do Ar (1972), em https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJzmljA8zLc ou https://vimeo.com/87209598, aos 5:24: “A minha experiência religiosa resulta, naturalmente, da formação familiar, né? Nós herdamos a religião como a gente herdava os objetos, as terras, tudo que havia dos antepassados. Sucede que, já moço, eu abandonei esse fardo. A minha experiência foi muito desalentadora. Acredito que o contato com os padres tenha influído para que eu me afastasse do sentimento religioso. E depois as leituras dos escritores franceses céticos, aquela geração de Anatole France, Rémy de Bourbon, que era uma geração muito crítica, muito curiosa de investigar o porquê das coisas e que não aceitava as verdades estabelecidas… isso fez com que eu perdesse completamente esse vínculo, embora eu, seja dito de passagem, acho admirável que os outros tenham religião.”
Erdős:
Colm Mulcahy (2013-03-26). “Centenary of Mathematician Paul Erdős — Source of Bacon Number Concept”. Huffington Post. Retrieved 13 April 2013. In his own words, “I’m not qualified to say whether or not God exists. I kind of doubt He does. Nevertheless, I’m always saying that the SF has this transfinite Book that contains the best proofs of all mathematical theorems, proofs that are elegant and perfect…You don’t have to believe in God, but you should believe in the Book.”.
Jack Huberman (2008). Quotable Atheist: Ammunition for Nonbelievers, Political Junkies, Gadflies, and Those Generally Hell-Bound. Nation Books. p. 107. ISBN 9781568584195. I kind of doubt He [exists]. Nevertheless, I’m always saying that the SF has this transfinite Book … that contains the best proofs of all theorems, proofs that are elegant and perfect…. You don’t have to believe in God, but you should believe in the Book.
Meslier:
Peter France, (1995), The new Oxford companion to literature in French. Oxford University Press , p. 523.
Michel Onfray, In Defence of Atheism, translation by Jeremy Leggatt, Arcade Publishing, 2007, p. 29.
Hulse:
http://www.nndb.com/people/992/000099695/#FN1
Oliphant:
“It was nice to be honoured but I like ‘Mark’ not ‘Sir Mark’. When one’s young, one’s brash and all-knowing; when one’s old, one realises how little one knows. You asked me earlier if I believed in God and the hereafter. I would tend to say no but when one dies one could well be surprised.” Mark Oliphant from an interview in 1996., Sir Mark Oliphant – Reluctant Builder of the Atom Bomb.
Bell, John Stewart:
John Ellis, D. Amati (2000). “Biographical notes on John Bell”. Quantum Reflections. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 9780521630085. By now, he was also a ‘Protestant Atheist’, which he remained all his life.
Burton, Richard Francis:
Wright (1906) “Some three months before Sir Richard’s death,” writes Mr. P. P. Cautley, the Vice-Consul at Trieste, to me, “I was seated at Sir Richard’s tea table with our clergy man, and the talk turning on religion, Sir Richard declared, ‘I am an atheist, but I was brought up in the Church of England, and that is officially my church.'”
Revel:
David Drake, Obituary: Jean-François Revel, The Independent (London), 10 de Maio de 2006, p. 44.
Büchner:
http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=1813
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=HpfFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&dq=Ludwig+Buchner+,+atheist&hl=en&sa=X&ei=a90YVK60Ncfu8AHM7IC4Dg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Ludwig%20Buchner%20%2C%20atheist&f=false
Sade:
‘Sade, Marquis de.’ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online (acesso em 1 de Agosto de 2008).
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/who-was-marquis-de-sade-180953980/?no-ist https://books.google.com.br/books?id=24Xk90Bsp4gC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=marquis+de+sade+atheist&source=bl&ots=9fRNHWWLM3&sig=U-n-P-ceyc7p3AxXEqdNJu9c5pc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBTgKahUKEwiUzeDW-u3GAhVLkJAKHVIJDvo#v=onepage&q=marquis%20de%20sade%20atheist&f=false
http://hgsoconference.curtin.edu.au/local/pdf/Russell_Melissa.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_Between_a_Priest_and_a_Dying_Man
d’Holbach:
https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SeBa-9NUKmEC&pg=PA21&dq=Baron+d%27Holbach+atheism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NAQfUrntC8OekwXe3IC4Aw#v=onepage&q=Baron%20d’Holbach%20atheism&f=false
http://skepdic.com/holbach.html
https://humanism.org.uk/humanism/the-humanist-tradition/enlightenment/baron-dholbach/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/holbach/
Diderot:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism_in_the_Age_of_the_Enlightenment#Diderot
https://humanism.org.uk/humanism/the-humanist-tradition/enlightenment/denis-diderot/
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14578-denis-diderot
https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SeBa-9NUKmEC&pg=PA21&dq=Baron+d%27Holbach+atheism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NAQfUrntC8OekwXe3IC4Aw#v=onepage&q=Baron%20d’Holbach%20atheism&f=false
Naigeon:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=jbIVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203&dq=Jacques-Andr%C3%A9+Naigeon+atheist&source=bl&ots=KXrXf2PF1W&sig=yDKRVaQeyopOdllgN6kjQoMwpfY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwB2oVChMI8rjdsP3txgIVhReQCh3vNQ7b#v=onepage&q=Jacques-Andr%C3%A9%20Naigeon%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=MFfrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Jacques-Andr%C3%A9+Naigeon+atheist&source=bl&ots=gbxiyNd_FH&sig=lqyIZKmS-hAZXtW3l1SbTGPehJQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwCWoVChMI8rjdsP3txgIVhReQCh3vNQ7b#v=onepage&q=Jacques-Andr%C3%A9%20Naigeon%20atheist&f=false
http://www.persee.fr/doc/rde_0769-0886_1990_num_8_1_1057
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Jacques-Andre+Naigeon
Thompson, William:
Noel Thompson, ‘Thompson, William (1775–1833)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed 6 May 2008).
Thompson, Emma:
https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/11/22/actualidad/1542903836_363913.html?fbclid=IwAR2D7OREUo6QBlTBGFs5u3mIsRuJoDoSZ69cBgl144nsTlg14sBe6lBzbDI (“…é impossível eu sentir simpatia ou fé em qualquer instituição que sistematicamente oprime as mulheres. Por isso sou ateia. Porque a religião tem uma longa história de opressão à mulher.”)
Faure:
http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-does-god-exist https://books.google.com.br/books?id=LsZOx7ASNJUC&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=sebastien+faure+atheist&source=bl&ots=KTi7IO9cfQ&sig=I1qmfmgVSWsbxbZu3mh3S5RtQjc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwADgKahUKEwiNjsCV_-3GAhVBlJAKHWHNA1c#v=onepage&q=sebastien%20faure%20atheist&f=false
Łyszczyński:
Seu tratado De non existentia Dei fala sobre sua descrença.
ATHEISM, Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, p. 17.
Aleksander Gieysztor, et al. 1979, History of Poland, p. 261. “A Lithuanian nobleman, Kazimierz Lyszczynski, was even beheaded for his alleged, or real, atheism (1689)”
Jerzy Kłoczowski, 2000, A History of Polish Christianity, p. 155. “The most famous episode was the sentencing to death of Kazimierz Lyszczynski, a nobleman accused of atheism, by the Sejm court in 1689.”
Müller:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_M%C3%BCller#Life
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/Mim/mullerrev.html
London:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London#Atheism
Lovecraft:
H. P. Lovecraft Letter to Robert E. Howard (August 16, 1932), in Selected Letters 1932–1934 (Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 1976), p.57. “All I say is that I think it is damned unlikely that anything like a central cosmic will, a spirit world, or an eternal survival of personality exist. They are the most preposterous and unjustified of all the guesses which can be made about the universe, and I am not enough of a hairsplitter to pretend that I don’t regard them as arrant and negligible moonshine. In theory I am an agnostic, but pending the appearance of radical evidence I must be classed, practically and provisionally, as an atheist.”
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft
Shelley, Percy:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Necessity_of_Atheism
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley
http://www.nndb.com/people/854/000024782/
“Keats shared Hunt’s dislike of institutionalized Christianity, parsons, and the Christian belief in man’s innate corruption, but, as an unassertive agnostic, held well short of Shelley’s avowed atheism.” John Barnard, John Keats, pages 38-39.
Archibald Henderson. George Bernard Shaw: His Life And Works, a Critical Biography. Kessinger Publishing, 2004. p. 135. ISBN 9781417961771. “It was at the Shelley Society’s first large meeting that Shaw startled London by announcing himself as, ” like Shelley, a Socialist, an atheist, and a vegetarian.”
Martineau:
http://www.humanists.net/pdhutcheon/Books/martneu.htm
http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/martineau.html
https://cve.revues.org/520
Saramago:
http://cultura.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,deus-nao-existe-fora-da-cabeca-das-pessoas,452076
http://www.revistaplaneta.com.br/sem-fe-nem-deus/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFIWY4F-bp8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlhaNX_cp4I
Bell, Alexander Graham:
Bruce, Robert V (1973). “After the Telephone”. Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude. Cornell University Press. p. 490. ISBN 9780801496912. “He had remained steadfast in agnosticism and therefore, as Mabel took comfort in remarking, “he never denied God.” Neither did he affirm God. He and Mabel occasionally attended Presbyterian services and sometimes Episcopalian, at which Mabel could follow the prayer book. Since otherwise she depended on Bell’s interpreting, their church goings were rare; but their children attended Presbyterian services regularly. In 1901 Bell came across a Unitarian pamphlet and found its theology congenially undogmatic. “I have always considered myself as an Agnostic,” he wrote Mabel, “but I have now discovered that I am a Unitarian Agnostic.””
Gray, Charlotte (2006). “Ring for the Future”. Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. p. 151. ISBN 978-0002006767. “Alec, a skeptical Scot whose family never attended church, gently informed her that he believed “[m]en should be judged not by their religious beliefs but by their lives.” He respected Mabel’s beliefs, but he himself couldn’t accept the notion of life after death: “Concerning Death and Immortality, Salvation, Faith and all the other points of theoretical religion, I know absolutely nothing and can frame no beliefs whatsoever.” Mabel quietly accepted Alec’s agnosticism, although she firmly informed him, “It is so glorious and comforting to know there is something after this—that everything does not end with this world.””
Helmholtz:
Joseph McCabe (1945). A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers. Haldeman-Julius Publications. Retrieved 30 June 2012. He was equally distinguished in physics and physiology and was the discoverer of the law of the conservatism of energy. Although he was the most eminent and most honored of German scientists, he was all his life an outspoken agnostic.
Paul Hertz, Moritz Schlick, Malcolm F. Lowe, Robert Sonné Cohen, Yehúda Elkana, ed. (1977). Epistemological Writings: The Paul Hertz/Moritz Schlick Centenary Edition of 1921 with Notes and Commentary by the Editors. Springer. p. xxv. ISBN 9789027705822. Lenin found Helmholtz to be inconsistent, at one place a materialist about human knowledge, at another place agnostic and sceptic, and at yet other place a Kantian idealist, in sum a ‘shame-faced materialist’.
Chaplin:
Charles Chaplin, Jr. My Father, Charlie Chaplin, pp. 239–240. “”I’m not an atheist”, I can remember him saying on more than one occasion. “I’m definitely an agnostic. Some scientists say that if the world were to stop revolving we’d all disintegrate. But the world keeps on going. Something must be holding us all in place–some Supreme Force. But what it is I couldn’t tell you.””
Chaplin, Charles (2003) [1964]. My Autobiography. London: Penguin Classics, p. 287. “I am not religious in the dogmatic sense … I neither believe nor disbelieve in anything … My faith is in the unknown, in all that we do not understand by reason; I believe that … in the realm of the unknown there is an infinite power for good.”
Habermas:
http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2014/12/tis_the_season_to_reveal_what_atheists_really_want.html#ixzz3OPTyHKel
http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB118434936941966055?mod=home_we_banner_left%20%27%27Wall%20Street%20Journal&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB118434936941966055.html%3Fmod%3Dhome_we_banner_left%2520%2527%2527Wall%2520Street%2520Journal
http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/20037?eng=y
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=5ib93_qO6WUC&pg=PR8&lpg=PR8&dq=jurgen+habermas+methodological+atheist&source=bl&ots=AkiG-gxyqY&sig=RtnP4TT_BUEOfcfvNvFQNO2fvs4&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwA2oVChMI65ekkcnwxgIVBoCQCh3Swwkt#v=onepage&q=jurgen%20habermas%20methodological%20atheist&f=false
Ibsen:
Kenneth McLeish, Stephen Mulrine (2005). Ibsen: Three Plays. Nick Hern Books. p. xxvi. ISBN 9781854598462. “Sternly atheist, unswervingly rationalist, he allows religion no part in the events of Hedda Gabler. When characters do invoke God (Tesman; Mrs Elvsted; Miss Tesman) it is a superficial, conventional way of talking, to add emphasis to otherwise bland remarks – and Ibsen the ironist takes it one step further when he makes Brack invoke, for the same purpose, not the deity but the devil.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=Henrik+Ibsen+atheist&source=bl&ots=ALDGL-TXd7&sig=ywHcEwF-l5usCa6d3GGQd-rSfhI&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBGoVChMIyuX95MnwxgIVxguQCh2dPwYB#v=onepage&q=Henrik%20Ibsen%20atheist&f=false
Brahms:
“He continued, in high theological mode. Brahms was not about to put up with that sort of thing. He was a humanist and an agnostic, and his Requiem was going to express that, Reinthaler or no.” Swafford, Jan, 2012, Johannes Brahms: A biography, Random House Digital, 2012, ISBN 9780307809896, p. 327.
Sams, Eric (2000). The Songs of Johannes Brahms. Yale University Press. p. 326. ISBN 9780300079623. But the thought of bright nearness brings back the face-to-face music of ‘Von Angesicht zu Angesichte’, which is as close as the agnostic Brahms ever came to a communion with deity. As the pious aria ends, the humanist moral returns.
http://ffrf.org/outreach/item/18436-brahms-the-freethinker
Ravel:
http://www.maurice-ravel.net/religion.htm
Berlioz:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14702-hector-berlioz
http://www.nndb.com/people/847/000024775/#FN1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Berlioz#Religious_views
Boulez:
Joan Peyser (1976). Boulez: Composer, Conductor, Enigma. Schirmer Books. p. 7. ISBN 9780028717005. A priest showed me around. At the chapel door he asked me if what he had been told was true: that Boulez no longer believed in God. I said it was and he replied, ‘Then I won’t show you the chapel where he prayed twice a day between the ages of six and sixteen’.
Khachaturian:
Hamalian, Leo (1980). As others see us: the Armenian image in literature. New York: Ararat Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0933706170. “Aram Khachaturian … Besides his being an atheist, his Armenian descent…”
Volkov, Solomon. “Они сократили целых 4 такта моей музыки!!!”. Novoye Vremya (in Russian) (Yerevan). Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. По поводу поездки в Рим композитор отметил: “Я — атеист, но являюсь сыном народа, первым в истории официально принявшим христианство, и потому посещение Ватикана было моим долгом”.
Eno:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Brian_Eno
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2shEwFjhzA4
Tarski:
“Most of the Socialist Party members were also in favor of assimilation, and Tarski’s political allegiance was socialist at the time. So, along with its being a practical move, becoming more Polish than Jewish was an ideological statement and was approved by many, though not all, of his colleagues. As to why Tarski, a professed atheist, converted, that just came with the territory and was part of the package: if you were going to be Polish then you had to say you were Catholic.” Anita Burdman Feferman, Solomon Feferman, Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic (2004), page 39.
Grainger:
http://www.percygrainger.org/biograf3.htm
Delius:
“In the Mass of Life (1904–05) Delius testified to his atheism. With Cassirer’s assistance, he selected the words from Nietzsche’s prose-poem Also sprach Zarathustra […] In music that touches extreme poles of physical energy and rapt contemplation, Delius celebrates the human ‘Will’ and the ‘Individual’, and the ‘Eternal Recurrence of Nature’.” Diana McVeagh, ‘Delius, Frederick Theodor Albert (1862–1934)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed 2 May 2008).
Janáček:
“Mša glagolskaja”. Retrieved 19 April 2012. During his adult life Janáček was an atheist and distanced himself from the church. Nevertheless religion features frequently in his work, not always in a positive light; as an emotional crutch (in the despairing pleas of the characters in Jenůfa or Kát’a Kabanová) or in a more humorous light (the alcoholic, lustful Priest in The Cunning Little Vixen). The composer once described organised religion as ‘concentrated death[‘].
Chisholm, Erik (2014). The operas of Leos Janacek: The Commonwealth and International Library: Music Division. Elsevier, p. 51. “Janáček (…) was a militant atheist to the day of his death.” https://books.google.com.br/books?id=nR6oBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=leos+janacek+atheist&source=bl&ots=9H_AkoXZ8i&sig=0wWeIah4gbPLj7WcE6Qxe3ZtwmM&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBGoVChMIlYmrwqTIxwIVApSQCh0YQQIR#v=onepage&q=leos%20janacek%20atheist&f=false
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/10488636/Ivan-Hewetts-Classic-50-No-49-Janaek-The-Barn-Owl-Has-Not-Yet-Flown.html
https://bachtrack.com/review-glagolitic-hrusa-apr-2014
http://www.choirs.org.uk/prognotes/Janacek%20Glagolitic%20Mass.ht
Prokofiev:
Harlow Robinson (2002). Sergei Prokofiev: a biography. Northeastern University Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-55553-517-9. “Prokofiev had always been a stubborn atheist; his first marriage to Lina was not performed in a church.”
Izrailʹ Vladimirovič Nestʹev (1960). Prokofiev. Stanford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780804705851. “However, until the end of his life he remained a confirmed atheist, with a hatred for the gentry and the arrogance of the nobility, and a respect for the peasantry.”
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14820-sergei-prokofiev
Saint-Saëns:
http://www.classiccat.net/saint-saens_c/biography.php
Brian Rees (1999). Camille Saint-Saëns: a life. Chatto & Windus. p. 73. ISBN 9781856197731. “Baumann constantly emphasises the spiritual content of Saint-Saëns’s music despite the composer’s emphatic atheist views of later years.” https://books.google.com.br/books?id=jm922PExav4C&pg=PT75&lpg=PT75&dq=camille+saint-sa%C3%ABns+atheist&source=bl&ots=slQEcSDkmP&sig=mVDes7JL33HVqujItldkL3GPp-Y&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFQQ6AEwB2oVChMI-bje44zyxgIVyIOQCh1R6QmQ#v=onepage&q=camille%20saint-sa%C3%ABns%20atheist&f=false
Richard Benefield, ed. (2003). Motets for One Voice: The Organ-accompanied Solo Motet in Nineteenth-century France, Volume 36. A-R Editions, Inc. p. xx. ISBN 9780895795274. An avowed atheist, Saint-Saëns’s uncompromisingly rigid standards and austere musical tastes, as well as his outspoken views on church music, often placed him at odds with the clergy.
Wagner, Richard:
DiGaetani, John Louis (2013). McFarland, p. 94 e 184. “The tomb contains only the bodies of Wagner and his wife Cosima and is not adorned with any religious symbols as all. Clearly, this is the grave of an atheist, a believer in secular democracy.” e “He got this from Wagner because Wagner too was an atheist who sometimes used religious themes, but ultimately to attack religion.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=7wtWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=Richard+Wagner+atheist&source=bl&ots=AJzQ4mYVAN&sig=K7HgpRL7Ghrp9E1yZxjouxCqRNM&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCGoVChMI06fA2YzyxgIVRhuQCh0dbA9k#v=onepage&q=atheist&f=false
http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=2244
http://users.belgacom.net/wagnerlibrary/articles/wlar0043.htm
Busoni:
“Aside from his undisputed powers as composer, pianist and man of letters, Busoni was an enterprising (if sometimes erratic) conductor, a passionate bibliophile, a talented draughtsman and a bon vivant. Baptized into the Catholic church, he was at heart an atheist; a lucid commentator on world affairs, he remained politically uncommitted.” Beaumont, Anthony: ‘Busoni, Ferruccio (Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto)’, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (accessed April 28, 2008)
Brel:
Chris Tinker (2005). Georges Brassens And Jacques Brel: Personal And Social Narratives In Post-war Chanson. Liverpool University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780853237686. “Brel himself asserts that he is an atheist: ‘Je ne crois pas en Dieu et je n’y croirai jamais’, and he describes such a belief as a ‘fetish’, ‘plus un besoin qu’une realite’.” For him, all ideologies are a ‘maniere elegante de tricher’.”
Coward:
Coward, Noël (2004) [1932]. Present Indicative – Autobiography to 1931. London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-77413-2. “Do I believe in God? I can’t say No and I can’t say Yes, To me it’s anybody’s guess.”
“His unashamed patriotism galvanised the nation. One wonders whether these admirers would have laughed so heartily or wept so freely if they had thought that they were being entertained and moved by a homosexual atheist of the most militant kind. A letter to his mother on the early death of his brother out-Dawkinses Dawkins: “I’m saying several acid prayers to a fat contented God the Father in a dirty night gown who hates you and me and every living creature in the world.” Simon Callow, resenhando The Letters of Noel Coward, editado por Barry Day, The Guardian, 15 de Dezembro de 2007, Review pages, p. 7.
http://www.jmarkgilbert.com/atheists.html
Comte:
“Despite his atheism, Comte was concerned with moral regeneration and the establishment of a spiritual power.” Mary Pickering, ‘Auguste Comte and the Saint-Simonians’, French Historical Studies Vol. 18, No. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 211-236.
“But tragically, Comte’s “remarkable clearness and extent of vision as to natural things” was coupled with a “total blindness in regard to all that pertains to man’s spiritual nature and relations.” His “astonishing philosophic power” served only to increase the “plausibility” of a dangerous infidelity. Comte was, once unmasked, a “blank, avowed, unblushing Atheist.” […] Some of the Reformed writers were careful enough to note that technically Comte was not an atheist since he never denied the existence of God, merely his comprehensibility. Practically, however, this made little difference. It only pointed to the skepticism and nescience at the core of his positivism. The epistemological issues dominated the criticism of Comte. Quickly, his atheism was traced to his sensual psychology (or “sensualistic psychology”, as Robert Dabney preferred to say).” Charles D. Cashdollar, ‘Auguste Comte and the American Reformed Theologians’, Journal of the History of Ideas Vol. 39, No. 1 (January–March 1978), pp. 61-79.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=4JE5pl6it7gC&pg=PA320&lpg=PA320&dq=auguste+comte+atheist&source=bl&ots=1Szuvd22gb&sig=2eUBeMcme0YlWA4TuMTZdoLMZDo&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCGoVChMIuPL-sJ7yxgIVAhaQCh3gVQyx#v=onepage&q=auguste%20comte%20atheist&f=false
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~fm/comte.html
Deleuze:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=BqSCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=Deleuze+and+Religion&source=bl&ots=raTTl_Mv0u&sig=BumyPEziNhw_KPlnKIcCJEWwco8&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBGoVChMIn5ian6b5xgIVCx-QCh2J2AEJ#v=onepage&q=atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=jgDdCQAAQBAJ&pg=PR2&lpg=PR2&dq=Iconoclastic+Theology+Gilles+Deleuze+and+the+Secretion+of+Atheism&source=bl&ots=mn8fZ14AC9&sig=GOkOiTMSxKzY3F79Bq_sqsE5Iww&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCWoVChMIwbO5vqXyxgIVxBKQCh0mOwws#v=onepage&q=atheist&f=false
Vanini:
Ann Thomson (1981). Discours Préliminaire. Librairie Droz. p. 130. ISBN 9782600035859. Another example of the virtuous atheist given by La Mettrie is Lucilio Vanini, burned for atheism in Toulouse in 1619.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Austin M. Farrer, E. M. Huggard (2010). Austin M. Farrer, ed. Theodicy. Cosimo, Inc. p. 434. ISBN 9781616402952. Here is another example cited by the author: an atheist, a man like Lucilio Vanini (that is what many people call him, whereas he himself adopts the magnificent name of Giulio Cesare Vanini in his works), will suffer a preposterous martyrdom for his chimera rather than renounce his impiety.
Quine:
Quine, Willard Van Orman; Hahn, Lewis Edwin (1986). The Philosophy of W.V. Quine. Open Court. p. 6. ISBN 9780812690101. “In my third year of high school I walked often with my new Jamaican friends, Fred and Harold Cassidy, trying to convert them from their Episcopalian faith to atheism.”
Botton:
http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/dec/24/christmas-atheists?fb=native&CMP=FBCNETTXT9038
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_for_Atheists
Haldane:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane#Biography
http://www.dcu.ie/~sheehanh/haldane.htm
Oparin:
Neil Schlager; Josh Lauer (2000). Science and its times: understanding the social significance of scientific discovery (illustrated ed.). Gale Group. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7876-3939-6. Alexander Oparin (1894-1980), an atheist, suggested that natural chemical reactions produced biological molecules that came together to form the first living thing.
http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=bio_chem_fac_pubs
http://evidenceweb.net/originoflife/chapter2.htm
Medawar:
“… I believe that a reasonable case can be made for saying, not that we believe in God because He exists but rather that He exists because we believe in Him. […] Considered as an element of the world, God has the same degree and kind of objective reality as do other products of mind. […] I regret my disbelief in God and religious answers generally, for I believe it would give satisfaction and comfort to many in need of it if it possible to discover and propound good scientific and philosophic reasons to believe in God. […] To abdicate from the rule of reason and substitute for it an authentication of belief by the intentness and degree of conviction with which we hold it can be perilous and destructive. […] I am a rationalist—something of a period piece nowadays, I admit […]” Peter Medawar, ‘The Question of the Existence of God’ in his book The Limits of Science (Harper and Row 1984).
Teofrasto:
Roland W. Scholz (2011). Environmental Literacy in Science and Society: From Knowledge to Decisions. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780521183338. “Contrary to his teacher Aristotle, Theophrast was an agnostic naturalist who “denied the existence of a dominant intelligence outside the universe” (Nordenskiöld, 1928, p.45).”
Lucrécio:
“Most histories of atheism choose the Greek and Roman philosophers Epicurus, Democritus, and Lucretius as the first atheist writers. While these writers certainly changed the idea of God, they didn’t entirely deny that gods could exist.” Ancient Atheists, BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/history/ancient.shtml
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=FKzW9nn-d8UC&pg=PA774&lpg=PA774&dq=lucretius+was+distrusted+as&source=bl&ots=3UEJdyanQ5&sig=EmRARALJkHQGT6VXwwRGMp8XFwY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAGoVChMI7KiK6umXxwIVg5CQCh3WxA_M#v=onepage&q=lucretius%20was%20distrusted%20as&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&q=lucretius#v=snippet&q=lucretius&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=aeJzAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA290&lpg=PA290&dq=The+island+of+knowledge:+the+limits+of+science+and+the+search+for+meaning+lucretius&source=bl&ots=r61je2oS-X&sig=1tORo0sjH6pO08_ddMfsEBssRG8&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy34aS0ITWAhVrjVQKHSyNBlwQ6AEIQDAD#v=snippet&q=atheism&f=false (“Lucretius famously wrote in On The Nature of Things (50 BCE) (…) one of the most lucid defenses of atheism ever composed”)
Pirro:
Adrian Kuzminski (2008). Pyrrhonism: How the Ancient Greeks Reinvented Buddhism. Lexington Books. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780739125069. “In particular, Flintoff notes the similarity between Pyrrho’s agnosticism and suspension of judgment and the Buddha’s refusal to countenance beliefs about the nature of things, including his insistence that such beliefs were to be neither affirmed nor denied.”
Don E. Marietta (1998). Introduction to Ancient Philosophy. M.E. Sharpe. p. 162. ISBN 9780765602169. “Pyrrho advocated agnosticism and suspension of judgment about the nature of the world. His Skepticism also applied to matters of ethics; he held that nothing is just or honorable by its nature.”
Jillette:
http://americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2012-12-morality-religion-and-bullsht-an-interview-with-penn
http://www.motortrend.com/news/penn-jillette-celebrity-drive/
Teller:
http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/1,,EDG75728-5990,00.html
Bakunin:
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/guillaume/works/bakunin.htm
http://www.robertcutler.org/bakunin/en07mab.html
http://biography.yourdictionary.com/mikhail-aleksandrovich-bakunin
Engels:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels#Early_years
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14675-friedrich-engels
http://www.egs.edu/library/friedrich-engels/biography/
http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj65/german.htm
Marx:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Karl_Marx
http://hollowverse.com/karl-marx/
https://www.ewtn.com/library/Theology/ATHEMARX.HTM
http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Karl_Marx.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx#Hegelianism_and_early_activism:_1836.E2.80.931843
Ed Hindson, Ergun Caner (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. As such, one could speak of existential atheists (Sartre), Marxist atheists (Marx), psychological atheists (Freud), capitalistic atheists (Ayn Rand), and behavioristic atheists (BF Skinner).
Bentham:
James E. Crimmins (1986). Bentham on Religion: Atheism and the Secular Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 95. Retrieved 4 May 2013. Bentham was an atheist and in no sense of the word could he be described as a theologian. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709597?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
James E. Crimmins (1990). Secular Utilitarianism: Social Science and the Critique of Religion in the Thought of Jeremy Bentham. Clarendon Press. p. 283. ISBN 9780198277415. Making allowance for Adams’s cautious phrasing, this is a concise statement of Bentham’s secular positivism, but it is also important to note the conviction with which Bentham held his atheism.
Ana Marta González, ed. (2012). Contemporary Perspectives on Natural Law: Natural Law As a Limiting Concept. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 81. ISBN 9781409485667. “In sum, with Hume’s agnosticism and Bentham’s atheism, the fundamental voluntarist thesis about the gulf between the divine and the human mind reaches new depths, and this serves to reinforce and radicalize the rejection, begun by Pufendorf, of Grotian rights-theory as the appropriate means of formulating the conventionalist theory of the moral life.”
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14212-jeremy-bentham
Mill, John Stuart:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=4JE5pl6it7gC&pg=PA320&lpg=PA320&dq=auguste+comte+atheist&source=bl&ots=1Szuvd22gb&sig=2eUBeMcme0YlWA4TuMTZdoLMZDo&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCGoVChMIuPL-sJ7yxgIVAhaQCh3gVQyx#v=onepage&q=auguste%20comte%20atheist&f=false
http://www.utilitarianism.com/millauto/two.html
Henry R. West (2004). An Introduction to Mill’s Utilitarian Ethics. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780521535410. Mill had no religious instruction as a child, growing up an atheist.
Linda C. Raeder (2002). “Spirit of the Age”. John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity. University of Missouri Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780826263278. Comte welcomed the prospect of being attacked publicly for his irreligion, he said, as this would permit him to clarify the nonatheistic nature of his and Mill’s “atheism”.
Mill, James:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=OkltYSVpcTkC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=james+mill+atheist&source=bl&ots=AZMjZ2HKgC&sig=lC9KqTPtHqnq1kehIIpzxupThlU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCWoVChMIsf7OjK_1xgIVRRCQCh3tGwBA#v=onepage&q=james%20mill%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=4JE5pl6it7gC&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=james+mill+agnostic&source=bl&ots=1Szuwe00fb&sig=Wsh2VWkxiKkGpIGuduCsDWNf5Jc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIupGH96_1xgIVQ4-QCh2GlALp#v=onepage&q=james%20mill%20agnostic&f=false
http://www.utilitarianism.com/millauto/two.html
http://www.nndb.com/people/148/000030058/
Neto, João Cabral de Melo:
http://epoca.globo.com/vida/noticia/2014/10/como-doenca-influenciou-bobra-final-do-poeta-joao-cabralb.html
“Though an atheist, Cabral had a deep, atavistic fear of the devil. When his wife died in 1986, he placed an emblem of Our Lady of Carmen around her neck, saying, in his mocking way, that this would make sure that she went directly to heaven, without being stopped at customs.” ‘Joao Cabral: His poetry voiced the sufferings of Brazil’s poor’, The Guardian, 18 October 1999, Leader Pages; Pg. 18.
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6eifZX3NquEJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq1110199906.htm+&cd=5&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://www.jornaldepoesia.jor.br/BLBLjoaocabraldemeloneto02.htm
http://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/187340/morre-o-escritor-joao-cabral-de-melo-neto
http://praler.org/2011/11/ultima-entrevista-joao-cabral-de-melo-neto/
Luxemburgo:
http://blogs.umass.edu/jon/2008/09/22/the-many-lives-of-rosa-luxemburg/
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14243-rosa-luxemburg
Sanger:
http://infidels.org/library/modern/john_murphy/margaretsanger.html
Empédocles:
Warren Allen Smith (2000). Who’s who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 339. ISBN 9781569801581. He explicitly denied anthropomorphic deity: “None of the gods has formed the world, nor has any man; it has always been.”
Orlando Jay Smith (1902). Eternalism: a theory of infinite justice. Houghton, Mifflin and company. Empedocles: None of the gods has formed the world, nor has any man; it has always been.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=GpQ3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=empedocles+atheist&source=bl&ots=w09XfvaLZp&sig=XSfZG1zCmZ7xj7uyJ6zmXMnW9xA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEkQ6AEwB2oVChMIgtrnv7P2xgIVQoOQCh1W_AsI#v=onepage&q=empedocles%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=empedocles+atheist&source=bl&ots=E3bCX-E9OW&sig=FmG4jR_cIWBOvBJj1ypoKZg6gVc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAWoVChMIgtrnv7P2xgIVQoOQCh1W_AsI#v=onepage&q=empedocles%20atheist&f=false
Lao Tzu:
“It is ridiculous to describe that Laozi had started the Dao religion. In fact Laozi is much more sympathetic to atheism than even Greek philosophers in general. To the most, like Buddha and philosophers of Enlightenment, Laoism is agnostic about God.” Chen Lee Sun, Laozi’s Daodejing-From the Chinese Hermeneutical and the Western Philosophical Perspectives: The English and Chinese Translations Based on Laozi’s Original Daoism (2011), page 119.
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Laozi
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=yTv_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA300&lpg=PA300&dq=laozi+agnostic&source=bl&ots=4_G4sMrue2&sig=U8C21HHMPsJNZn5KgIN6_dzLZwY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCWoVChMI_KekiLf2xgIVAROQCh02Vw0c#v=onepage&q=laozi%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=iWV2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT120&lpg=PT120&dq=laozi+agnostic&source=bl&ots=NxhTBIMKIw&sig=ONWljKQmziF3YzlnAICkcLyWC-Y&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBGoVChMI_KekiLf2xgIVAROQCh02Vw0c#v=onepage&q=laozi%20agnostic&f=false
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Borges:
http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/08/31/reviews/borges-insight.html
Confúcio:
Wolfram Eberhard (1986). A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought. Psychology Press. p. 82. ISBN 9780415002288. “Confucius was an agnostic, but he did not deny the existence of supernatural beings.”
John Hersey (1986). The call. Penguin Books. p. 208. ISBN 9780140086959. “The second, Confucius, was a humanist, an agnostic, and a supreme realist.”
Lee Dian Rainey (2010). Confucius & Confucianism: The Essentials. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 9781405188418. “Others have read what Confucius said about ritual and the supernatural and concluded that Confucius was an agnostic and not at all interested in the religious side of life.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=CfZ9y5-FGPgC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=confucius+agnostic&source=bl&ots=zamS9WDLcr&sig=sg6robao1s8FhmfaXVPb_-kup1c&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwB2oVChMI99-Ix7j2xgIVBUuQCh0Ohggx#v=onepage&q=confucius%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=kaWcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=laozi+agnostic&source=bl&ots=iHLJkLZUUd&sig=GE5xxKvOSiGcnsTjeBqo_VqPv-0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCGoVChMI_KekiLf2xgIVAROQCh02Vw0c#v=onepage&q=laozi%20agnostic&f=false
Gautama (Buda):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Buddhism
Thera, Nyanaponika. “Buddhism and the God-idea”. The Vision of the Dhamma. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. “In Buddhist literature, the belief in a creator god (issara-nimmana-vada) is frequently mentioned and rejected, along with other causes wrongly adduced to explain the origin of the world; as, for instance, world-soul, time, nature, etc. God-belief, however, is placed in the same category as those morally destructive wrong views which deny the kammic results of action, assume a fortuitous origin of man and nature, or teach absolute determinism. These views are said to be altogether pernicious, having definite bad results due to their effect on ethical conduct.”
Approaching the Dhamma: Buddhist Texts and Practices in South and Southeast Asia by Anne M. Blackburn (editor), Jeffrey Samuels (editor). Pariyatti Publishing: 2003 ISBN 1-928706-19-3, p. 129
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/types/buddhistatheism.shtml
http://www.tricycle.com/blog/was-buddha-atheist
http://www.buddhisma2z.com/content.php?id=7
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=CfZ9y5-FGPgC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=confucius+agnostic&source=bl&ots=zamS9WDLcr&sig=sg6robao1s8FhmfaXVPb_-kup1c&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwB2oVChMI99-Ix7j2xgIVBUuQCh0Ohggx#v=onepage&q=confucius%20agnostic&f=false
Einstein:
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Albert_Einstein
“Minha posição com relação a deus é a de um agnóstico (…)”. Calaprice, Alice (2010). The Ultimate Quotable Einstein. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 340. Letter to M. Berkowitz, 25 October 1950. Einstein Archive 59-215.
“Disse repetidamente que, em minha opinião, a ideia de um deus pessoal é infantil. Você pode me chamar de agnóstico (…)”. Letter to Guy H. Raner Jr. (28 September 1949), from article by Michael R. Gilmore in Skeptic magazine, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1997)
“Parece-me que a ideia de um deus pessoal é um conceito antropológico que não consigo levar a sério”. Hoffmann, Banesh (1972). Albert Einstein Creator and Rebel. New York: New American Library, p. 95.
“A ideia de um deus pessoal é bastante estranha para mim e parece até ingênua”. Calaprice, Alice (2000). The Expanded Quotable Einstein. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 217. Einstein Archives 59-797. http://alberteinstein.info/vufind1/Record/EAR000028555
“A palavra Deus é, para mim, nada mais que a expressão e o produto da fraqueza humana, a Bíblia, uma coleção de lendas honradas, mas mesmo assim primitivas… Para mim, a religião judaica, como todas as outras religiões, é a encarnação das superstições mais infantis.” – http://www.nbcnews.com/id/49306421/ns/technology_and_science-science#.WfiNyltSzIU
“Acredito no deus de Espinoza, que se revela na harmonia regrada do mundo, não em um deus que se preocupa com o destino e os atos da humanidade”. – http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E01EFDD1530E33ABC4D51DFB2668382639EDE&legacy=true
“(…) uma mente superior que se revela no mundo da experiência representa minha concepção de Deus. De modo popular, isso pode ser descrito como panteístico.” Einstein, Albert “Gelegentliches”, Soncino Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1929, p. 9.
“Sou fascinado pelo panteísmo de Espinoza.” What Life Means to Einstein: An Interview by George Sylvester Viereck” The Saturday Evening Post (26 October 1929), p. 17.
Darwin:
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Charles_Darwin
Kant:
Andrew Fiala, J. M. D. Meiklejohn, Critique of Pure Reason – Introduction, page xi. “While this sounds skeptical, Kant is only agnostic about our knowledge of metaphysical objects such as God. And, as noted above, Kant’s agnosticism leads to the conclusion that we can neither affirm nor deny claims made by traditional metaphysics.”
Edward J. Verstraete (2008). Ed Hindson; Ergun Caner, eds. The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 9780736920841. “It is in this sense that modern atheism rests heavily upon the skepticism of David Hume and the agnosticism of Immanuel Kant.”
Norman L. Geisler; Frank Turek (2004). “Kant’s Agnosticism: Should We Be Agnostic About It?”. I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist. Crossway. pp. 59–60. ISBN 9781581345612. “Immanuel Kant’s impact has been even more devastating to the Christian worldview than David Hume’s. For if Kant’s philosophy is right, then there is no way to know anything about the real world, even empirically verifiable things!”
Norman L. Geisler, Paul K. Hoffman, ed. (2006). “The Agnosticism of Immanuel Kant”. Why I Am a Christian: Leading Thinkers Explain Why They Believe. Baker Books. p. 45. ISBN 9780801067129.
Gary D. Badcock (1997). Light of Truth and Fire of Love: A Theology of the Holy Spirit. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 9780802842886. “Kant has no interest in prayer or worship, and is in fact agnostic when it comes to such classical theological questions as the doctrine of God or of the Holy Spirit.”
Frank K. Flinn (2007). Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Infobase Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 9780816075652. “Following Locke, the classic agnostic claims not to accept more propositions than are warranted by empirical evidence. In this sense an agnostic appeals to Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), who claims in his Critique of Pure Reason that since God, freedom, immortality, and the soul can be both proved and disproved by theoretical reason, we ought to suspend judgement about them.”
Wittgenstein:
Norman Malcolm, G. H. Von Wright (2001). Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 9780199247592. “I believe that Wittgenstein was prepared by his own character and experience to comprehend the idea of a judging and redeeming God. But any cosmological conception of a Deity, derived from the notions of cause or of infinity, would be repugnant to him. He was impatient with ‘proofs’ of the existence of God, and with attempts to give religion a rational foundation. …I do not wish to give the impression that Wittgenstein accepted any religious faith — he certainly did not — or that he was a religious person. But I think that there was in him, in some sense, the possibility of religion. I believe that he looked on religion as a ‘form of life’ (to use an expression from the Investigations) in which he did not participate, but with which he was sympathetic and which greatly interested him. Those who did participate he respected — although here as elsewhere he had contempt for insincerity. I suspect that he regarded religious belief as based on qualities of character and will that he himself did not possess. Of Smythies and Anscombe, both of whom had become Roman Catholics, he once said to me: ‘I could not possibly bring myself to believe all the things that they believe.’ I think that in this remark he was not disparaging their belief. It was rather an observation about his own capacity.”
William Child (2011). Wittgenstein. Taylor & Francis. p. 218. ISBN 9781136731372. “Was Wittgenstein religious? If we call him an agnostic, this must not be understood in the sense of the familiar polemical agnosticism that concentrates, and prides itself, on the argument that man could never know about these matters. The idea of a God in the sense of the Bible, the image of God as the creator of the world, hardly ever engaged Wittgenstein’s attention. . ., but the notion of a last judgement was of profound concern to him.” – (Engelmann)
Tim Labron (2006). Wittgenstein’s Religious Point of View. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 47. ISBN 9780826490278. Wittgenstein has no goal to either support or reject religion; his only interest is to keep discussions, whether religious or not, clear.
Edward Kanterian (2007). Ludwig Wittgenstein. Reaktion Books. pp. 145–146. ISBN 9781861893208.
Durkheim:
http://www.bolenderinitiatives.com/sociology/emile-durkheim-1858-1917
http://sociology.about.com/od/Profiles/p/Emile-Durkheim.htm
http://www.deathreference.com/Da-Em/Durkheim-mile.html
http://durkheim.uchicago.edu/Summaries/suicide.html
http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/10.4/10-4Durkheim_Rex201-206.pdf
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=d9jGZ9MReyAC&pg=RA1-PR7&lpg=RA1-PR7&dq=%C3%A9mile+durkheim+agnostic&source=bl&ots=uS_FmZQBFL&sig=SFP8zKbl3hw1TBIA0BgADQgd9Jg&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CGEQ6AEwCGoVChMI-7rN2cn2xgIVwoSQCh31uA4q#v=onepage&q=%C3%A9mile%20durkheim%20agnostic&f=false
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim#Religion
“Shortly after his traditional Jewish confirmation at the age of thirteen, Durkheim, under the influence of a Catholic woman teacher, had a shortlived mystical experience that led to an interest in Catholicism. But soon afterwards he turned away from all religious involvement, though emphatically not from interest in religious phenomena, and became an agnostic.” Lewis A. Coser, Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context, 2nd Ed., Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1977: 143-144
Kekulé:
Russell, Colin (2003). Edward Frankland: Chemistry, Controversy and Conspiracy in Victorian England. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54581-5. “It may be noticed in passing that the connection once made between Kolbe’s cautious attitude to molecular structure and his alleged agnosticism in religion now seems thoroughly misplaced. Kolbe, son of a Lutheran pastor and apparently sharing his faith, is in sharp contrast to his rivals who were ‘younger upper-middle class urban liberals and agnostics, such as Kekule’.”
http://www.nndb.com/people/934/000100634/
Popper:
“Referring to himself as an agnostic and an advocate of critical realism, Popper gained an early reputation as the chief exponent of the principle of falsification rather than verification.” Karl Popper: philosopher of critical realism, by Joe Barnhart, The Humanist magazine, July–August 1996.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=3VtHcYGp2pIC&pg=PA421&lpg=PA421&dq=karl+popper+agnostic&source=bl&ots=KyySCwxFe-&sig=kM8Vm62STzL-Ah-EzZXoppKbMkQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBWoVChMIjvLSw8v2xgIViIOQCh3LVAkN#v=onepage&q=karl%20popper%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=1mnfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=karl+popper+agnostic&source=bl&ots=CNJNV-p-kh&sig=LKXDnmJApH-YErVaNzf01g1151Q&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFAQ6AEwB2oVChMIjvLSw8v2xgIViIOQCh3LVAkN#v=onepage&q=karl%20popper%20agnostic&f=false
Sagan:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Carl_Sagan
“Famed scientist Carl Sagan was also a renowned sceptic and agnostic who during his life refused to believe in anything unless there was physical evidence to support it.” “Unbeliever’s Quest” by Jerry Adler, in Newsweek, 31 March 1997. Excerpt hosted at HighBeam Research accessed 2 November 2007.
Huxley, Aldous:
Harold Bloom, ed. (2003). Aldous Huxley. Infobase Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7910-7040-6. As late as 1962 he wrote to Reid Gardner, “I remain an agnostic who aspires to be a gnostic” (Letters 935).
Huxley, Andrew:
“Obituary: Andrew Huxley”. The Economist. June 16, 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2013. He did not even mind the master’s duty of officiating in chapel, since he was, he explained, not atheist but agnostic (a word usefully invented by his grandfather), and was “very conscious that there is no scientific explanation for the fact that we are conscious.”
Huxley, Thomas:
“Every variety of philosophical and theological opinion was represented there, and expressed itself with entire openness; most of my colleagues were ists of one sort or another; and, however kind and friendly they might be, I, the man without a rag of a label to cover himself with, could not fail to have some of the uneasy feelings which must have beset the historical fox when, after leaving the trap in which his tail remained, he presented himself to his normally elongated companions. So I took thought, and invented what I conceived to be the appropriate title of agnostic.'” Part 2 – Agnosticism, by T.H. Huxley, from Christianity and Agnosticism: A Controversy, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1889. Hosted at the Secular Web. (Retrieved 5 April 2008)
Huxley, Julian:
“Despite his atheism Huxley could appreciate Teilhard de Chardin’s vision of evolution, and like his grandfather T. H. Huxley he believed progress could be described in biological terms.” Robert Olby, ‘Huxley, Sir Julian Sorell (1887–1975)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edition, May 2007 (accessed May 2, 2008).
Epicuro:
“Epicurus taught that the soul is also made of material objects, and so when the body dies the soul dies with it. There is no afterlife. Epicurus thought that gods might exist, but if they did, they did not have anything to do with human beings.” Ancient Atheists, BBC.co.uk.
“Most histories of atheism choose the Greek and Roman philosophers Epicurus, Democritus, and Lucretius as the first atheist writers. While these writers certainly changed the idea of God, they didn’t entirely deny that gods could exist.” Ancient Atheists, BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/history/ancient.shtml
Demócrito:
“Most histories of atheism choose the Greek and Roman philosophers Epicurus, Democritus, and Lucretius as the first atheist writers. While these writers certainly changed the idea of God, they didn’t entirely deny that gods could exist.” Ancient Atheists, BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/history/ancient.shtml
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=nKV13A0lOokC&pg=PA321&lpg=PA321&dq=democritus+agnostic&source=bl&ots=Equ-VdYe12&sig=FAU1sY9nj90xCeLpTG76zwc1IWo&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFAQ6AEwB2oVChMIv9zV3ov3xgIVASCQCh1FWgqo#v=onepage&q=agnosticism&f=false
Protágoras:
http://www.iep.utm.edu/protagor/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagoras#Agnosticism
Only fragments of Protagoras’ treatise On the Gods survive, but it opens with the sentence: “Concerning the gods, I have no means of knowing whether they exist or not or of what sort they may be. Many things prevent knowledge including the obscurity of the subject and the brevity of human life.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=F2U6ZOuRdBAC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=democritus+agnostic&source=bl&ots=QbIJkIq3bi&sig=WxWmF4qPajWJkvlGd8UwpeQ8MU4&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFoQ6AEwCWoVChMIv9zV3ov3xgIVASCQCh1FWgqo#v=onepage&q=democritus%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=eh0ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=empedocles+atheist&source=bl&ots=E3bCX-E9OW&sig=FmG4jR_cIWBOvBJj1ypoKZg6gVc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAWoVChMIgtrnv7P2xgIVQoOQCh1W_AsI#v=onepage&q=empedocles%20atheist&f=false
Tucídides:
“The Modern Spirit”. Thucydides. Taylor & Francis. 1925. p. 16. Thucydides’ own attitude towards the gods is that of a well-poised agnostic: If there be any, they do not concern themselves with human affairs.
Joseph Mali (2003). “1”. Mythistory: The Making of a Modern Historiography. University of Chicago Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780226502625. “For Thucydides held to an agnostic conception of history: he did not believe in any supernatural or merely natural forces in it; rather, he conceived history— in overtly dramatic terms—to be a test of character, an ongoing attempt of men to assert themselves in, and over against, reality that they could not fully understand nor really change.”
Mary Frances Williams (1998). Ethics in Thucydides: The Ancient Simplicity. University Press of America. p. 6. ISBN 9780761810568. “As scholars came to accept, around the turn of the century, arguments that proclaimed Thucydides’ agnosticism or atheism, religion was considered to be either of no interest to the author or to be actively despised by him, and this likewise influenced the treatment of ethics in the ‘History’.”
Tyson:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Neil_deGrasse_Tyson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzSMC5rWvos, aos 57 segundos: “What people are really after is what is my stance on religion or spirituality or God, and I would say, if I was to find a word that came closest, it would be ‘agnostic’.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnHY1cC9a4A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovlrV7SoPCo
Rotblat:
Rotblat: “I have to admit, however, that there are really many things that I do not know. I am not a particularly religious person, and this is the reason for my agnosticism. To be an agnostic simply means that I do not know and will keep seeking the answer for eternity. This is my response to questions about religion.” Joseph Rotblat, Daisaku Ikeda, A quest for global peace: Rotblat and Ikeda on war, ethics, and the nuclear threat, Page 94.
Raman:
Ramananda Chatterjee, ed. (1981). The Modern review, Volume 145. Prabasi Press Private, Ltd. p. 154. CV Raman recehed the Nobel prize for physics in 1930 — and Lc was the first Asian scientist to get a Nobel award. Raman, born in an orthodox South Indian Brahmin. family, was in agnostic.
Uma Parameswaran (2011). C.V. Raman: A Biography. Penguin Books India. p. 5. ISBN 9780143066897. His readings in Herbert Spencer’s philosophy and his leanings towards agnosticism (he avidly read R.G. Ingersoll—the American political leader, and Charles Bradlaugh—the English founder of the National Secular Society) and mainly his lack of money to repeat the courses, led him back to the village.
Lobachevsky:
Bardi, Jason (2008). The Fifth Postulate: How Unraveling a Two Thousand Year Old Mystery Unraveled the Universe. John Wiley & Sons. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-470-46736-7. His stubbornness, reported atheism, and genius supported his rise as a champion of the proletariat. To the Soviets, Lobachevsky represented not just the greatness of the common man, emerging from a humble background as he did, he also was a revolutionary of sorts.
“The History of Science”. Soviet Science. Taylor & Francis. p. 329. Though Lobachevsky appears to have invented non-Euclidean geometry without the help of the Almighty, he built a church on the instructions of the University council. It is said that he was an atheist.
Jobs:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Steve_Jobs
Jaspers:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_auhi5IvRKwC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=the+atheist+existentialists,+such+as+Nietzsche,+Sartre&source=bl&ots=_oIe1BwZNi&sig=ZfswfOB7gxcmETnoVfbWK37h1Ck&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAmoVChMIrJ-63Iz5xgIVhwqQCh0qzgsm#v=onepage&q=the%20atheist%20existentialists%2C%20such%20as%20Nietzsche%2C%20Sartre&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=pruM3Xx08qIC&pg=PA256&lpg=PA256&dq=karl+jaspers+agnostic&source=bl&ots=niS16EJ2Vj&sig=svz1SY0zO3ozx-plZxejd2NTZug&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAWoVChMIh5Wvyd2jxwIVw4yQCh3mFQrE#v=onepage&q=karl%20jaspers%20agnostic&f=false (“Karl Jaspers was a Protestant but consistently maintained an agnostic position.”)
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JUbfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=karl+jaspers+agnostic&source=bl&ots=zM11ug1yM4&sig=aquxlWcxgPGHs7_OQTFAK22I-3o&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwA2oVChMIh5Wvyd2jxwIVw4yQCh3mFQrE#v=onepage&q=karl%20jaspers%20agnostic&f=false
Heidegger:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_auhi5IvRKwC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=the+atheist+existentialists,+such+as+Nietzsche,+Sartre&source=bl&ots=_oIe1BwZNi&sig=ZfswfOB7gxcmETnoVfbWK37h1Ck&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAmoVChMIrJ-63Iz5xgIVhwqQCh0qzgsm#v=onepage&q=the%20atheist%20existentialists%2C%20such%20as%20Nietzsche%2C%20Sartre&f=false
https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/23521-heidegger-s-atheism-the-refusal-of-a-theological-voice/
http://fourstarbooks.net/portfolio/academic/hemming-02.pdf
http://www.textetc.com/theory/heidegger.html (“During the Nazi years Heidegger became an atheist, reading Nietzsche rather than Aristotle or Eckhart.”)
Markov:
“Of course, Markov, an atheist and eventual excommunicate of the Church quarreled endlessly with his equally outspoken counterpart Nekrasov. The disputes between Markov and Nekrasov were not limited to mathematics and religion, they quarreled over political and philosophical issues as well.” Gely P. Basharin, Amy N. Langville, Valeriy A. Naumov, The Life and Work of A. A. Markov, page 6.
Loren R. Graham; Jean-Michel Kantor (2009). Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity. Harvard University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-674-03293-4. Markov (1856–1922), on the other hand, was an atheist and a strong critic of the Orthodox Church and the tzarist government (Nekrasov exaggeratedly called him a Marxist).
Buarque:
http://virgula.uol.com.br/legado/chico-buarque-declara-voto-para-presidencia-e-diz-que-nao-acredita-em-deus/
http://www.chicobuarque.com.br/texto/mestre.asp?pg=entrevistas/entre_brazuca_0410.htm
http://www.vermelho.org.br/diario/2002/0609/pompe_0609.asp
Rousseff:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P–taA9aaZM (“— A senhora acredita em Deus, ou é religiosa ? — (…) Eu fiquei durante muito tempo, assim… meio descrente, muito descrente. Agora, eu acredito que as diferentes religiosidades são fundamentais pras pessoas viver (sic); há diferentes, eu não acho que a gente pode achar que só existe aquele seu deus, entende ? Eu acho que você tem de ter assim uma abertura pra contemplar todas as possibilidades. (…) — A senhora falou das pessoas, mas e a senhora ? — Eu me equilibro nessa questão: ‘será que há, será que não há ?’ Eu me equilibro nela.”)
http://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2013/11/21/politica/1385051274_288212.html (“A presidente Dilma Rousseff, agnóstica, tem em sua sala de espera várias estátuas de santas.”)
Wigner:
zanton, Andrew (1992). The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner. Plenum. ISBN 0-306-44326-0. Páginas 60 e 61.
Green, Eva:
“I have no religion. I wasn’t raised that way, and I have nothing now” – Revista Total Film, Dezembro de 2007.
Doyle:
Golgotha Pres (2011). The Life and Times of Arthur Conan Doyle. BookCaps Study Guides. ISBN 9781621070276. “In time, he would reject the Catholic religion and become an agnostic.”
Daniel Stashower, Teller of Tales: The Life of Arthur Conan Doyle (2000), pp. 49-50: “The Doyle family remained devoutly Catholic, and it was this connection that they intended to exercise on his behalf — with introductions to other prominent Catholic families and members of the clergy. To accept this sort of patronage, Conan Doyle felt, would be an act of hypocrisy. He had recently undergone what he called a spiritual unfolding and considered himself an agnostic.”
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Arthur_Conan_Doyle.aspx
http://www.top-five-books.com/authors-conan-doyle.html
http://www.ash-tree.bc.ca/acdsbio.htm
Joyce:
“Neither Joyce’s agnosticism nor his sexual libertinism were known to his mentors at Belvedere and he remained to the end a Prefect of the Sodality of Mary.” Bruce Stewart, James Joyce (2007), page 14.
Keats:
“Keats shared Hunt’s dislike of institutionalized Christianity, parsons, and the Christian belief in man’s innate corruption, but, as an unassertive agnostic, held well short of Shelley’s avowed atheism.” John Barnard, John Keats, pages 38-39.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=0duxz_imA68C&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=john+keats+agnostic&source=bl&ots=9eQ5wj5n0k&sig=21jXxUO2ompC9GIBeqYiejMqOfk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDEQ6AEwA2oVChMI8arjxdH5xgIVRQyQCh23mgRi#v=onepage&q=john%20keats%20agnostic&f=false
Shelley, Mary:
Helen M. Buss, D. L. Macdonald, Anne McWhir (2001). Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley: Writing Lives. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780889209435. Its implicit antagonist-reader and protagonist-editor are his Roman Catholic wife Mary Jane, and his troubled agnostic daughter, Mary Shelley:…
Twain:
“William Dean Howells and Mark Twain had much in common. They were agnostic but compassionate of the plight of man in an indifferent world…” Darrel Abel (2002), Classic Authors of the Gilded Age, iUniverse, ISBN 0-595-23497-6
“At the most, Mark Twain was a mild agnostic, usually he seems to have been an amused Deist. Yet, at this late date his own daughter has refused to allow his comments on religion to be published.” Kenneth Rexroth, “Humor in a Tough Age;” The Nation, 7 March 1959. http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/twain.htm
Steinbeck:
http://www.biographile.com/nine-john-steinbeck-quotes-for-the-pure-at-heart/28943/
http://www.enotes.com/topics/john-steinbeck
Jackson J. Benson (1984). The true adventures of John Steinbeck, writer: a biography. Viking Press. p. 248. ISBN 9780670166855. “Ricketts did not convert his friend to a religious point of view — Steinbeck remained an agnostic and, essentially, a materialist — but Ricketts’s religious acceptance did tend to work on his friend, …”
Beckett:
“They were both agnostics, though both set a high associative value on the language in which the traditional religions of their forebears had been expressed, and in conversation and writing were not averse to ironic reference to certain metaphysical concepts.” Anthony Cronin, Samuel Beckett: the last modernist (1999), page 90.
http://www.samuel-beckett.net/AbsurdAndBeck.htm
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=I319AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=samuel+beckett+agnostic&source=bl&ots=HarD3DQ2gK&sig=M6Wfk_hIM3BbB9bEiUI5DsH09ik&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAWoVChMItsid5tb5xgIVw5CQCh3XxgZI#v=onepage&q=samuel%20beckett%20agnostic&f=false
O’Neill:
“O’Neill, an agnostic and an anarchist, maintained little hope in religion or politics and saw institutions not serving to preserve liberty but standing in the way of the birth of true freedom.” John P. Diggins, Eugene O’Neill’s America: desire under democracy (2007), page 130.
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14600-eugene-oneill
http://www.comicbookreligion.com/?c=34333&Eugene_ONeill
Nabokov:
“Nabokov is a self-affirmed agnostic in matters religious, political, and philosophical.” Donald E. Morton, Vladimir Nabokov (1974), page 8.
Stendhal:
“It must be extremely consoling, he admitted, to have faith in religion, yet even for an agnostic, like himself, life held many beautiful realities – the art of Raphael or Titian, the prose of Voltaire and the poetry of Byron in Don Juan.” F. C. Green, Stendhal (2011), page 200.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=MP6ieCkIqVsC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=stendhal+agnostic&source=bl&ots=_jssrn9f6Y&sig=-Nkv8srXbQpAjfVrMZ1uw06y8d0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMI_vTPwtj5xgIVyomQCh0_zAXv#v=onepage&q=stendhal%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=RzIJLyAC71AC&pg=PT12&lpg=PT12&dq=stendhal+agnostic&source=bl&ots=BbqU38E188&sig=xVBMeOLfZzTkuQqFsCawq4g0nMM&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBmoVChMI_vTPwtj5xgIVyomQCh0_zAXv#v=onepage&q=stendhal%20agnostic&f=false
Muniz:
http://www.purepeople.com.br/noticia/fora-da-record-autor-lauro-cesar-muniz-quer-fazer-filme-sobre-jose-dirceu_a14864/1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xd1smNHx4A (“— Ex-membro do partido comunista, funcionário da TV Record, do bispo Edir Macedo… Você já purgou o stalinismo e o ateísmo ? (…) — Quem causa maior mal às pessoas: os governos, os meios de comunicação, a religião ou os bancos ? — Enquanto instituições, as religiões são os elementos mais nocivos. Historicamente, de longe a religião é a que mais corroeu a humanidade. As milhões, as muitas almas que se foram praqueles céus mentirosos das religiões… é uma coisa fantástica, né ? As guerras, as Cruzadas, as inquisições…”)
Pessoa:
https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zolpFspoH6cJ:https://revistas.ucp.pt/index.php/humanisticaeteologia/article/view/9090/8956+&cd=6&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br&client=firefox-b-d (“Afirmando-se sequaz do que denominava «agnosticismo transcendentalista», Pessoa pensava que, porque é sinónimo de Ser ou de Absoluto, a Verdade absoluta não pode ser conhecida nem afirmada racionalmente. Daí que Deus não pudesse ser integral e plenamente conhecido por via racional, dado não ser um pensamento mas uma realidade da ordem do invisível ou do mistério”)
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/2237
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/2235
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=01NRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=fernando+pessoa+agn%C3%B3stico&source=bl&ots=DV3pBwv-pH&sig=q98RD7KV92LNPvLoKvpDwxF1At8&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwiFk47jyPrGAhWKkZAKHRcKAOQ#v=onepage&q=fernando%20pessoa%20agn%C3%B3stico&f=false
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/4068
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/4081
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/2855
http://www.filologia.org.br/xcnlf/3/13.htm
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=p5TgU69L4roC&pg=PA494&lpg=PA494&dq=fernando+pessoa+agnosticismo&source=bl&ots=HHL0imdba5&sig=V8exuRUa1MtRbGjJEtvy9FQAq5Q&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CE8Q6AEwCWoVChMIi86Mqsn6xgIVSZCQCh2oqwsF#v=onepage&q=fernando%20pessoa%20agnosticismo&f=false
Bohr, Christian:
Tom Siegfried (June 28, 2013). “When the atom went quantum – Bohr’s revolutionary atomic theory turns 100”. Society for Science & the Public 2000. Retrieved 1 July 2013. As for standard religion, though, Bohr was unsympathetic. His mother was a nonpracticing Jew, his father an atheist Lutheran.
Hardy, G. H.:
“Hardy… was a stringent atheist…” Hit Play on Ramanujan, by Lisa Drostova, East Bay Express, April 30, 2003. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
“The first Bombe to be delivered was named Agnus by Turing: a joke that atheist Hardy might have made…” Alan Turing — a Cambridge Scientific Mind, by Andrew Hodges, Cambridge Scientific Minds (Cambridge University Press, 2002) Retrieved July 2, 2007.
Clifford:
John Snygg (2011). A New Approach to Differential Geometry Using Clifford’s Geometric Algebra. Springer. p. 111. ISBN 9780817682828. However, the dogmatic position of the Anglican Church against Darwin’s theory of evolution induced him to reexamine his beliefs. He soon evolved into an agnostic and then an atheist.
Sousa (Betinho):
http://www.rodaviva.fapesp.br/imprimir.php?id=363 (“(…) eu já fui católico apostólico romano durante oito anos, de comunhão diária. E eu acho que já fiz todas as confissões e todas as comunhões que um homem tem direito a fazer. Mas, houve um momento em minha vida que a estrutura religiosa foi minada por um psiquiatra louco. Eu estava fazendo um tratamento e ele virou para mim, interpretando um sonho, e disse: “você tem uma fixação com Cristo”. Eu falei: “claro, eu sou da Ação Católica, toda pessoa da Ação Católica está fixada com Cristo” e ele falou assim: “é, mas o Cristo é uma figura ambígua, ele é homem, mas se veste de mulher. Ele é homem, mas tem cabelos compridos” e eu falei: “ih, danou tudo”. Nesse momento, a minha estrutura religiosa tradicional todinha caiu por terra, ruiu e com isso desapareceu o problema da existência ou não existência de Deus.”)
“Two years ago, Betinho developed Aids. He died, weighing just over six stone, of complications of hepatitis C, which he had also caught from contaminated blood. Although he was an atheist, the theologian Leonardo Boff has suggested that the Pope should canonise Betinho during his visit to Brazil in October. He said that “it would be a prophetic act if he were declared the saint of the poor, the patron saint of citizenship”.” Sue Branford and Jan Rocha, ‘Obituary: Herbert De Souza: Saintly Champion of the Poor’, The Guardian, August 19, 1997, Pg. 15.
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/02/herbert-jose-de-sousa-betinho-ateu.html#.VbbrJPlViko
Lombroso:
Andrea Rondini. (2001). Cosa da pazzi: Cesare Lombroso e la letteratura. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali. p. 33.
http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=1136
http://www.actforlibraries.org/cesare-lombroso-and-his-influence-on-criminology/
http://www.academia.edu/6259184/The_Journal_of_Forensic_Psychiatry_Cesare_Lombroso_1835_1907_Cesare_Lombroso_1_835-1907, p. 145.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=m5qQhqzlBLEC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=cesare+lombroso+atheist&source=bl&ots=OFqas5ZaFo&sig=yEVocJZgPHMluWsrW4GL1N4e0_g&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwB2oVChMIw-3G-ITCxwIVxoaQCh2tuwNt#v=onepage&q=cesare%20lombroso%20atheist&f=false
Watson, John B.:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Yb_eAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=john+b+watson+atheist&source=bl&ots=nwppjQ82jb&sig=0lxPd6QqDR6yVF2_DVNUlGMnNr4&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBmoVChMIl5Sk9K6VxwIVxReQCh3Hqws_#v=onepage&q=john%20b%20watson%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=Among+celebrity+atheists+with+much+biographical+data,+we+find+leading&source=bl&ots=KiseBdqX5V&sig=kBsqxoChteFR9E0LeXmvhkPkaYA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIzcver-v8xgIVAZOQCh1F4Q4m#v=onepage&q=Among%20celebrity%20atheists%20with%20much%20biographical%20data%2C%20we%20find%20leading&f=false
Dewey:
http://www.wnd.com/2013/01/john-deweys-dunces/
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/john-dewey-redefines-god-for-humanists-and-atheist.html
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/John_Dewey
A. G. Rud, Jim Garrison, Lynda Stone, ed. (2009). Dewey at One Hundred Fifty. Purdue University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9781557535504. With respect to his personal beliefs, Dewey wrote to Max Otto that “I feel the gods are pretty dead, tho I suppose I ought to know that however, to be somewhat more philosophical in the matter, if atheism means simply not being a theist, then of course I’m an atheist. But the popular if not the etymological significance of the word is much wider. …Although he described himself as an atheist in one sense of the term, it is also clear that Dewey was opposed to militant atheism for the same reason that he was opposed to supernaturalism: he thought both positions dogmatic.
Tartakower:
“Practically all chess-players are born optimists […] Those who believe in God count on divine help; the agnostics know that somehow or other it will turn out all right; whilst the atheists, who are of course the most superstitious, believe in luck. If this last statement seems a trifle high pitched then let me submit as evidence the case of Dr. Tartakower. An atheist if ever there was one, he fervently believed in luck, touched wood at appropriate moments and never, never walked under ladders.” Harry Golombek, ‘Chess: The eternal spring of hope’, The Times, July 24, 1971; pg. 7; Issue 58233; col E.
Delacroix:
Publishing, Rh (1995). Eugène Delacroix. Gramercy Books. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-517-12403-1. “Although he was an essentially atheist painter, Delacroix managed to endow the sacred subjects with a profound sense of religion that sprung from his sincere love for all aspects of life, even the most elusive and mysterious.”
Rothbard:
Justin Raimondo (2000). An Enemy of the State: the Life of Murray N. Rothbard. Prometheus Books. p. 326. ISBN 9781573928090. In the same letter, he reiterates his atheism: “On the religion question, we paleolibertarians are not theocrats,” he writes. “Obviously, I could not be myself, both as a libertarian and as an atheist.” However, he continued, “the left-libertarian hostility to religion, based as it is on ignorance and the bitterness of “aging adolescent rebels against bourgeois America”, is “monstrous.””
Gerard Casey; John Meadowcroft (2010). Murray Rothbard. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN 9781441142092. Although Jewish by birth and upbringing, Rothbard was atheistic on religious matters. Despite being a Jewish atheist, Joseph Sobran notes, ‘his sympathies were Catholic’ (Rockwell 1995, 39). In his later work, his enthusiasm for the late Scholastics – in Rothbard’s view, the precursors of Austrianism – gave rise to some speculation that he was about to convert to Catholicism. In the end, whatever may have been his inclinations, he didn’t do so.
Thoreau:
Harding and Bode, eds., The Correspondence of Henry David Thoreau, 294. “I was born to be a pantheist.”
“[Thoreau] took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world”. John Lachs and Robert Talisse (2007). American Philosophy: An Encyclopedia. p. 310. ISBN 0415939267.
Howe, Daniel Walker, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7, p. 623.
Beethoven:
Jane Stuart Smith, Betty Carlson (1995). The Gift of Music: Great Composers and Their Influence (3 ed.). Crossway. p. 62. ISBN 9780891078692. Beethoven loved the natural world, but as a pantheist who worships nature rather than the Creator. “Beethoven was not the man to bow to anyone — even God!” said David Ewen.
Oscar Thompson (2005). How to Understand Music. Kessinger Publishing. p. 136. ISBN 9781417992027. To begin with, Beethoven was strongly individualistic and, in a sense, harshly antisocial. He realized the stature of his own genius. In Nature only did he recognize his equal and for that reason he was a pantheist of the most ardent order.
T. C. W. Blanning (2008). The Triumph of Music: The Rise of Composers, Musicians and Their Art. Harvard University Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780674031043. “… he did believe in a personal and beneficent god manifested primarily in a pantheist way through nature.” https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=6RptffQRvEEC&q=pantheist#v=snippet&q=pantheist&f=false
Espinoza:
Picton, J. Allanson, “Pantheism: Its Story and Significance”, 1905.
Fraser, Alexander Campbell “Philosophy of Theism”, William Blackwood and Sons, 1895, p. 163.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Pantheist.2C_panentheist.2C_or_atheist.3F
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=3IFGBYwJbIsC&pg=PA25&dq=spinoza+atheism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oD4BUsb8CcOCyQGjsYCACA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=spinoza%20atheism&f=false
https://newhumanist.org.uk/964/spinoza-the-atheist
Goethe:
Robert C. Holub (1986). Jost Hermand, ed. The Romantic School and Other Essays: Heinrich Heine. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 223. ISBN 9780826402912. Goethe was as little a deist as Fichte; for he was a pantheist.
Bruno:
Birx, Jams H.. “Giordano Bruno”. The Harbinger, Mobile, AL, 11 November 1997. “Bruno was burned to death at the stake for his pantheistic stance and cosmic perspective.”
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Debussy:
Léon Vallas (1933). Claude Debussy: His Life and Works. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. p. 225. He made a pantheistic profession of faith: I do not practise religion in accordance with the sacred rites. I have made mysterious Nature my religion. I do not believe that a man is any nearer to God for being clad in priestly garments, nor that one place in a town is better adapted to meditation than another. When I gaze at a sunset sky and spend hours contemplating its marvelous ever-changing beauty, an extraordinary emotion overwhelms me. Nature in all its vastness is truthfully reflected in my sincere though feeble soul. Around me are the trees stretching up their branches to the skies, the perfumed flowers gladdening the meadow, the gentle grass-carpetted earth, … and my hands unconsciously assume an attitude of adoration. … To feel the supreme and moving beauty of the spectacle to which Nature invites her ephemeral guests! … that is what I call prayer.
Jung:
Andrew Reid Fuller, Psychology and Religion: Eight Points of View, p. 111, “Jungian pantheism”
Spencer, John, “New Heavens, New Earth, 2002, p 25 “It was from this pantheistic world-view that the famous psychologist Carl Jung developed his notion of a “collective unconscious,””
WK Kay, “Jung and world religions” 1997, Taylor & Francis “He believed himself to be possessed of two personalities, one pointing towards science and the other towards pantheism and the arts.”
Lawrence:
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Schelling:
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Edison:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison#Views_on_politics.2C_religion_and_metaphysics
Emerson:
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Whitman:
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
John Lachs and Robert Talisse (2007). American Philosophy: An Encyclopedia. p. 310. ISBN 0415939267.
Kaku:
http://hollowverse.com/michio-kaku/
http://bigthink.com/dr-kakus-universe/we-physicists-are-the-only-scientists-who-can-say-the-word-god-and-not-blush
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQa7w4pEmXI
Mahler:
Warren Allen Smith (2002). Celebrities in Hell. chelCpress. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9781569802144. He was born a Jew but has been described as a life-long agnostic. At one point he converted to Catholicism, purely for the purpose of obtaining a job that he coveted – director of the Court Opera of Vienna. It was unthinkable for a Jew to hold such a prestigious position, hence the utilitarian conversion to the state religion.
“It is particularly poor salesmanship for Ms. Raabe to cite Mahler’s supposed conversion from Judaism to Catholicism. In both law and common understanding, a choice made under duress is discounted as lacking in free will. Mahler converted as a mere formality under compulsion of a bigoted law that barred Jews from directorship of the Vienna Hofoper. Mahler himself joked about the conversion with his Jewish friends, and, no doubt, would view with bitter amusement the obtuseness of Ms. Raabe’s understanding of the cruel choice forced on him: either convert to Christianity or forfeit the professional post for which you are supremely destined. When Mahler was asked why he never composed a Mass, he answered bluntly that he could never, with any degree of artistic or spiritual integrity, voice the Credo. He was a confirmed agnostic, a doubter and seeker, never a soul at rest or at peace.” Joel Martel, MAHLER AND RELIGION; Forced to Be Christian, New York Times.
Stuart Feder (2004). “Mahler at Midnight”. Gustav Mahler: A Life in Crisis. Yale University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 9780300103403. Mahler had followed the common path of assimilationist Jews, particularly those who were German-speaking and university-educated: toward a dignified job, a position in the community, and a respectable income. Besides the fact that anti-Semitism was rife in Vienna, the post Mahler sought was a government position and normally open only to those who declared themselves to belong to the state religion, Catholicism. Mahler’s superior, the intendant of the opera, reported directly to the emperor. Like the many Jews who were candidates for lesser government jobs, Mahler was officially baptized on 23 February 1897. His appointment arrived soon after.
Norman Lebrecht (2010). Why Mahler?: How One Man and Ten Symphonies Changed Our World. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 84. ISBN 9780375423819. In January 1897 Mahler is told that “under present circumstances it is impossible to engage a Jew for Vienna.” “Everywhere”, he bemoans, “the fact that I am a Jew has at the last moment proved an insurmountable obstacle.” But he does not despair, having made arrangements to remedy his deficiency. On February 23, 1897, at Hamburgs Little Michael Church, Gustav Mahler is baptized into the Roman Catholic faith. He is the most reluctant, the most resentful, of converts. “I had to go through it,” he tells Walter. “This action,” he informs Karpath, “which I took out of self-preservation, and which I was fully prepared to take, cost me a great deal.” He tells a Hamburg writer: “I’ve changed my coat.” There is no false piety here, no pretense. Mahler is letting it be known for the record that he is a forced convert, one whose Jewish pride is undiminished, his essence unchanged. “An artist who is a Jew,” he tells a critic, “has to achieve twice as much as one who is not, just as a swimmer with short arms has to make double efforts.” After the act of conversion he never attends Mass, never goes to confession, never crosses himself. The only time he ever enters a church for a religious purpose is to get married.
John Bowden (2005). John Bowden, John Stephen Bowden, ed. Christianity: the complete guide. Continuum. p. 813. ISBN 9780826459374. “Gustav Mahler (1860–1911) was more of an agnostic than a believer, but the symphonies which he wrote are deeply spiritual works.”
Barrie Kosky (2008). On Ecstasy. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 9780522855340. Mahler’s ambivalent Jewish-Christian Nietzschean agnostic personality found a living, breathing, sweating counterpart in Bernstein’s muscles, bones and flesh.
Otto Klemperer (1986). Martin J. Anderson, ed. Klemperer on Music: Shavings from a Musician’s Workbench. London: Toccata Press. pp. 133–147. Mahler was a thoroughgoing child of the nineteenth century, an adherent of Nietzsche, and typically irreligious. For all that, he was – as all his compositions testify – devout in the highest sense, though his piety was not to be found in any church prayer-book.
Kenneth Lafave (2002). “Mahler, Gustav”. Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved June 29, 2013. From the beginning, Mahler declared that his music was not for his own time but for the future. An agnostic, he apparently saw long-term success as a real-world equivalent of immortality. “Mahler was a thoroughgoing child of the nineteenth century, an adherent of Nietzsche, and typically irreligious,” the conductor Otto Klemperer recalled in his memoirs, adding that, in his music, Mahler evinced a “piety . . . not to be found in any church prayer-book.” This appraisal is confirmed by the story of Mahler’s conversion to Catholicism in 1897. Although his family was Jewish, Mahler was not observant, and when conversion was required in order to qualify as music director of the Vienna Court Opera—the most prestigious post in Europe—he swiftly acquiesced to baptism and confirmation, though he never again attended mass. Once on the podium, however, Mahler brought a renewed spirituality to many works, including Beethoven’s Fidelio, which he almost single-handedly rescued from a reputation for tawdriness.
Henry-Louis de La Grange (1995). “May–August 1906”. Gustav Mahler: Volume 3. Vienna: Triumph and Disillusion (1904–1907). Oxford University Press. p. 455. ISBN 9780193151604. His pantheistic beliefs made him see the manifestations of God’s will everywhere, and sensed its ‘miracles and secrets … and contemplated them with the deep respect and touching astonishment of a child’.
Hegel:
Levine, Michael P.; 1994; Pantheism: A Non-theistic Concept of Deity; Routledge, 1994; ISBN 0-203-01477-4, ISBN 978-0-203-01477-6
Mujica:
http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27476027
http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/06/papa-recebe-mujica-e-diz-que-uruguaio-e-um-homem-sabio.html
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/1201089-ateu-presidente-do-uruguai-organiza-missa-pela-saude-de-chavez.shtml
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hhs982WCHdo, aos 33:22
Neumann:
Robert Dransfield, Don Dransfield (2003). Key Ideas in Economics. Nelson Thornes. p. 124. ISBN 9780748770816. He was brought up in a Hungary in which anti-Semitism was commonplace, but the family were not overly religious, and for most of his adult years von Neumann held agnostic beliefs.
William Poundstone (1993). Prisoner’s Dilemma. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 9780385415804. Of this deathbed conversion, Morgenstern told Heims, “He was of course completely agnostic all his life, and then he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn’t agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy.” The conversion did not give von Neumann much peace. Until the end he remained terrified of death, Strittmatter recalled.
Abraham Pais (2006). J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life. Oxford University Press. p. 109. ISBN 9780195166736. He had been completely agnostic for as long as I had known him. As far as I could see this act did not agree with the attitudes and thoughts he had harbored for nearly all his life. On February 8, 1957, Johnny died in the Hospital, at age 53.
Spencer:
Julie A. Reuben (1996). The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality. University of Chicago Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780226710204. “Herbert Spencer, the agnostic whose ideas were best known in the United States, did not deny the existence of God.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=yGQRYu9M74AC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=NQ5RxdzwWV&sig=bX4PWDMEoD5NIwpxqYskZbnBPxc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=VqiSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=Moyg819cwS&sig=y8YyBRgEHComFHzvtlze-4fXdtk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
Wallace:
Alfred Russel Wallace. My Life. A record of events and opinions. Elibron.com. p. 358. ISBN 9781402184291. “I soon became intimate with him, and we were for some years joint investigators of spiritualistic phenomena. He was, like myself at that time, an agnostic, well educated, and of a more positive character than myself.”
Hayek:
“Though Hayek was a self-professed agnostic, we show that his treatment of individual liberty was more consistent with a Judeo-Christian worldview than with that of his naturalist peers and postmodernist successors.” Kenneth G. Elzinga, Matthew R. Givens, Christianity and Hayek (2009), page 53.
Alan O. Ebenstein (2003). Hayek’s journey: the mind of Friedrich Hayek. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. p. 224. ISBN 9781403960382. He apparently composed the conclusion of the work on page 140, Hayek’s “final word.” Emphasis on Hayek’s agnostic religious views was not as prominent in Hayek’s own versions of “The Fatal Conceit”.
Hilbert:
Constance Reid (1996). Hilbert (2 ed.). Springer. p. 92. ISBN 9780387946740. Perhaps the guests would be discussing Galileo’s trial and someone would blame Galileo for failing to stand up for his convictions. “But he was not an idiot,” Hilbert would object. “Only an idiot could believe that scientific truth needs martyrdom — that may be necessary in religion, but scientific results prove themselves in time.”
“Mathematics is a presuppositionless science. To found it I do not need God, as does Kronecker, or the assumption of a special faculty of our understanding attuned to the principle of mathematical induction, as does Poincaré, or the primal intuition of Brouwer, or, finally, as do Russell and Whitehead, axioms of infinity, reducibility, or completeness, which in fact are actual, contentual assumptions that cannot be compensated for by consistency proofs.” David Hilbert, Die Grundlagen der Mathematik, Hilbert’s program, 22C:096, University of Iowa.
“Also, when someone blamed Galileo for not standing up for his convictions Hilbert became quite irate and said, “But he was not an idiot. Only an idiot could believe that scientific truth needs martyrdom; that may be necessary in religion, but scientific results prove themselves in due time.” Anton Z. Capri, Quips, quotes, and quanta: an anecdotal history of physics (2007), page 135.
http://www.nndb.com/people/735/000087474/
Hubble:
Gale E. Christianson (1996). Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. University of Chicago Press. p. 183. ISBN 9780226105215. One morning, while driving north with Grace after the failed eclipse expedition of 1923, he broached Whitehead’s idea of a God who might have chosen from a great many possibilities to make a different universe, but He made this one. By contemplating the universe, one might approximate some idea of its Creator. As time passed, however, he seemed even less certain: “We do not know why we are born into the world, but we can try to find out what sort of a world it is — at least in its physical aspects.” His life was dedicated to science and the objective world of phenomena. The world of pure values is one which science cannot enter, and science is unconcerned with the transcendent, however compelling a private revelation or individual moment of ecstasy. He pulled no punches when a deeply depressed friend asked him about his belief: “The whole thing is so much bigger than I am, and I can’t understand it, so I just trust myself to it; and forget about it.”
Tom Bezzi (2000). Hubble Time. iUniverse. p. 93. ISBN 9780595142477. John terribly depressed, and asked Edwin about his belief. Edwin said, “The whole thing is so much bigger than I am, and I can’t understand it, so I just trust myself to it, and forget about it.” It was not his nature to speculate. Theories, in his opinion, were appropriate cocktail conversation. He was essentially an observer, and as he said in The Realm (J the Nebulae: “Not until the empirical resources are exhausted, need we pass on to the dreamy realms of speculation.” Edwin never exhausted those empirical resources. “I am an observer, not a theoretical man,” he attested, and a lightly spoken word in a lecture or in a letter showed that observation was his choice.
Fermi:
“Both Enrico and Leo were agnostics.” Nina Byers, http://arxiv.org/html/physics/0207094
“Enrico Fermi’s attitude to the church eventually became one of indifference, and he remained an agnostic all his adult life.” Emilio Segre, Enrico Fermi: Physicist (1995), page 5.
Szilárd:
“Both Enrico and Leo were agnostics.” Nina Byers, http://arxiv.org/html/physics/0207094
William Lanouette, Bela A. Silard (1992). Genius in the shadows: a biography of Leo Szilárd : the man behind the bomb. C. Scribner’s Sons. p. 167. ISBN 9780684190112. “He is what he seems to be: an idealist devoted to the task. As his consciousness, however, is materialistic, leaning to experimenting, and agnostic, he fails to understand himself, same as the world…”
Cavendish:
Dan Barker (2011). The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God. Ulysses Press. p. 170. ISBN 9781569758465. He did not attend church and was considered an agnostic. “As to Cavendish’s religion, he was nothing at all,” writes his biographer Dr. G. Wilson.
George Wilson (1851). The life of the Hon. Henry Cavendish: including abstracts of his more important scientific papers, and a critical inquiry into the claims of all the alleged discoverers of the composition of water. Printed for the Cavendish Society. pp. 181–185. A Fellow of the Royal Society, who had good means of judging, states that, “As to Cavendish’s religion, he was nothing at all. The only subjects in which he appeared to take any interest, were scientific. …” …From what has been stated, it will appear that is would be vain to assert that we know with any certainty what doctrine Cavendish held concerning Spiritual things; but we may with some confidence affirm, that the World to come did not engross his thoughts; that he gave no outward demonstration of interest in religion, and did join his fellow men in worshipping God. …He died and have no sign, rejecting human sympathy, and leaving us no means of determining whether he anticipated annihilation, or looked forward to an endless life. …He did not love; he did not hate; he did not hope; he did not fear; he did not worship as others do. He separated himself from his fellow men, and apparently from God.
Franklin:
“This flat declaration prompted Ellis Franklin to accuse his strong-willed daughter of making science her religion. He was right. Rosalind sent him a four-page declaration, eloquent for a young woman just over 20 let alone a scientist of any age. …”It has just occurred to me that you may raise the question of a creator. A creator of what? […] I see no reason to believe that a creator of protoplasm or primeval matter, if such there be, has any reason to be interested in our insignificant race in a tiny corner of the universe, and still less in us, as still more insignificant individuals. Again, I see no reason why the belief that we are insignificant or fortuitous should lessen our faith – as I have defined it.”” Brenda Maddox, Mother of DNA, NewHumanist.org.uk – Volume 117 Issue 3 Autumn 2002.
http://www.nndb.com/people/559/000160079/
Galton:
“The publication of Darwin’s ‘‘Origin of Species’’ totally transformed his intellectual life, giving him a sense of evolutionary process without which much of his later work would have been unimaginable. Galton became a ‘‘religious agnostic’’, recognising the social value of religion but not its transcendental basis.” Robert Peel, Sir Francis Galton FRS (1822-1911) – The Legacy of His Ideas -.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=yGQRYu9M74AC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=NQ5RxdzwWV&sig=bX4PWDMEoD5NIwpxqYskZbnBPxc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=VqiSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=Moyg819cwS&sig=y8YyBRgEHComFHzvtlze-4fXdtk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=sHXEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=t7T73wLL3y&sig=9FbWEy4TDJd-Gp3UQn1kWo8FhuI&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEIMzAE#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=40w9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=francis+galton+agnostic&source=bl&ots=4_pvQaASaA&sig=y4DNz9OctwRZdpkeZ0Gg0ZGg_VQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzabLgITKAhWDQpAKHV3OCFwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=francis%20galton%20agnostic&f=false
Cioran:
http://www.hyperboreans.com/heterodoxia/?p=1059
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Cioran#Early_life
Choi Hong-Hi:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/General_Choi_Hong-Hi
Cameron:
The Futurist, by Rebecca Meegan (chapter 1, page 8, hardcover edition): “I’ve sworn off agnosticism, which I now call cowardly atheism. I’ve come to the position that in the complete absence of any supporting data whatsover for the persistence of the individual in some spiritual form, it is necessary to operate under the provisional conclusion that there is no afterlife and then be ready to amend that if I find out otherwise.”
Zola:
Evenhuis, Anthony (1998). Messiah Or Antichrist?: A Study of the Messianic Myth in the Work of Zola. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-634-0. “Given Émile Zola’s reputation as an agnostic and a radical thinker, he has often been avoided by scholars with a religious background.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=mAIMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=emile+zola+agnostic&source=bl&ots=riYaq9Mx3W&sig=D_jbFuY8-m6PI-0TlapBdjvmIuE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEoQ6AEwB2oVChMIyPH1oMeExwIVBY-QCh35gwKB#v=onepage&q=emile%20zola%20agnostic&f=false
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14274-emile-zola
Dalí:
Robert Descharnes, Gilles Néret (1994). Salvador Dalí, 1904-1989. Benedikt Taschen. p. 166. ISBN 9783822802984. “Dalí, dualist as ever in his approach, was now claiming to be both an agnostic and a Roman Catholic.”
Magritte:
Jacques Meuris (1994). René Magritte, 1898-1967. Benedikt Taschen. p. 70. ISBN 9783822805466. We shall not at this juncture risk analyzing an agnostic Magritte haunted perhaps by thoughts of ultimate destiny. “We behave as if there were no God” (Marien 1947).
http://www.nndb.com/people/678/000084426/
http://www.mattesonart.com/1961-1967-later-years.aspx
Munch:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=b7h2ivL4Xm4C&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=edvard+munch+agnostic&source=bl&ots=qQMkVBibyN&sig=l-dTMUZSYTw8Ugv-EP5-LkL58t8&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBWoVChMIovnVt8iExwIVy4eQCh2Y8wd-#v=onepage&q=edvard%20munch%20agnostic&f=false
Edvard Munch, Arne Eggum (1978). Edvard Munch: symbols & images, Volume 1978, Part 2. National Gallery of Art. p. 237. “But Munch was not completely averse to every form of religion; one might rather say that throughout his life he remained a thoughtful agnostic.”
http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Edvard_Munch.html
Williams, Ralph Vaughan:
“Here we have a man who, while at Cambridge, was ‘a most determined atheist’–those were the words of his fellow-undergraduate Bertrand Russell–and who was dismissed at the age of 25 from his post as organist in a church at South Lambeth because he refused to take Communion. Later, according to his widow, he ‘drifted into a cheerful agnosticism’.” The Unknown Vaughan Williams, Michael Kennedy, Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, Vol. 99. (1972–1973), pp. 31-41.
http://www.rvwsociety.com/bio_expanded.html
http://barnesmusicfestival.com/about-holst/
Britten:
“His life partner, Peter Pears, would describe Britten as “an agnostic with a great love for Jesus Christ.” Benjamin Britten (1913 – 1976).
Andrew Ford (2011). Illegal Harmonies: Music in the Modern Age (3 ed.). Black Inc. p. 77. ISBN 9781921870217. In place of the Frenchman’s unquestioning faith, for example, there was Britten’s agnosticism; and in contrast to the uxorious Messiaen, Britten was a homosexual: this, at a time when homosexual practices were still illegal in the United Kingdom.
Jeremy Begbie, Steven R. Guthrie, ed. (2011). Resonant witness: conversations between music and theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 192–193. ISBN 9780802862778. I have already cited British composers whom one might describe as “mystical agnostics,”yet it is striking that these (with the arguable exceptions of Vaughan Williams and Benjamin Britten), are scarcely to be counted among the major innovators in twentieth-century music.
Mervyn Cooke (1996). Britten: War Requiem. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 9780521446334. From the Tribunal’s subsequent report we learn (intriguingly) that Britten also declared ‘I do not believe in the Divinity of Christ, but I think his teaching is sound and his example should be followed.’
Copland:
Howard Pollack (1999). Aaron Copland:: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man. University of Illinois Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780252069000. Arnold Dobrin similarly reported, “Aaron Copland has not followed the religion of his parents. He is an agnostic but one who is deeply aware of the grandeur and mystery of the universe.”
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14651-aaron-copland
Fauré:
Émile Vuillermoz, Steven Smolian (1969). Gabriel Fauré. Chilton Book Co. p. 74. “We have just said that Faure was not a religious man. He was incapable of intolerance or sectarianism, but his agnosticism was complete.”
Richard L. Smith, Caroline Potter, ed. (2006). French music since Berlioz. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 174. ISBN 9780754602828. “The resolutely agnostic Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924) was certainly one of its greatest alumni.”
Holst:
http://www.classical-music.com/topic/gustav-holst
http://barnesmusicfestival.com/about-holst/
Braque:
https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=_b1PAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=agnostic
http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Georges_Braque.html
Degas:
http://www.askdegas.com/
Marlowe:
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2014/02/17/that-old-time-religion-was-16th-century-writer-christopher-marlowe-an-atheist-and-was-he-murdered-for-it/
http://www.marlowe-society.org/pubs/journal/downloads/rj05articles/jl05_02_kelly_goldenage.pdf
http://www.biography.com/people/christopher-marlowe-9399572#arrest-and-death
http://www.articlemyriad.com/atheism-doctor-faustus-marlowe/
http://www.nndb.com/people/166/000025091/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe#Atheism
http://global.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Marlowe
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe#The_Jew_of_Malta_.28c._1592.29
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=Henrik+Ibsen+atheist&source=bl&ots=ALDGL-TXd7&sig=ywHcEwF-l5usCa6d3GGQd-rSfhI&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBGoVChMIyuX95MnwxgIVxguQCh2dPwYB#v=onepage&q=Henrik%20Ibsen%20atheist&f=false
Rutherford:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=_vNW1wg9npgC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=ernest+rutherford+religion&source=bl&ots=pxOE98klbd&sig=kI_GL5JN3d-mJcppLjGzVtOB7jk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDgQ6AEwA2oVChMIybDjyryJxwIVhImQCh2LKwji#v=onepage&q=ernest%20rutherford%20religion&f=false
“In 1936 Rutherford was appointed to the newly reformed Papal academy of Sciences, a strange distinction for a man who was known to be indifferent to religion of any type” — Rutherford: Simple Genius (1983), David Wilson, pág. 596.
Dickinson:
http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/emily.htm
http://toledofavs.com/2012/08/29/crises-of-faith-by-the-numbers-and-dashes/
Dolet:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Dolet
Lorentz:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.aspx
Proudhon:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Pierre_Joseph_Proudhon.aspx
G. Woodcock, Anarchism. 1962, p. 111. “As he proofread the effusive apologetics of the local clergy, Proudhon found himself slowly converted to atheism by the ineptitude of their defense of Christianity.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=kD6LBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA542&lpg=PA542&dq=proudhon+atheist&source=bl&ots=FnVtoh6w6h&sig=sLQde2v6KcamVZbS_O6gIU24VSk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFIQ6AEwB2oVChMIsd-5086JxwIVS46QCh2VCgAD#v=onepage&q=proudhon%20atheist&f=false
Vygotsky:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky#Biography
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Wo6QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT170&lpg=PT170&dq=Lev+Vygotsky+atheist&source=bl&ots=-X68g8wfpT&sig=vUhSoMQcNfHHTMxpe2OO2ot5gEE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCGoVChMI5_6njtWJxwIVBRaQCh23iAGx#v=onepage&q=Lev%20Vygotsky%20atheist&f=false
Piaget:
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/piaget.html
http://s-f-walker.org.uk/pubsebooks/pdfs/Vygotsky_Thought_and_Language.pdf
Levi:
Christopher Hitchens’ (see in Section “Public Atheists”) book The Portable Atheist, a collection of extracts of atheist texts, is dedicated to the memory of Levi “who had the moral fortitude to refuse false consolation even while enduring the ‘selection’ process in Auschwitz”. The dedication then quotes Levi in The Drowned and the Saved, asserting, “I too entered the Lager as a nonbeliever, and as a nonbeliever I was liberated and have lived to this day.”
Crystal:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kno1HskpWKM, aos 11 segundos: “— You’d like to believe in a god, but it’s very difficult… — It’s difficult, yeah.”
Wilder:
“Well, I’m a Jewish-Buddhist-Atheist, I guess.” Pogrebin, Abigail (2005). Stars of David: Prominent Jews Talk About Being Jewish. New York: Broadway. pp. 91–99. ISBN 978-0-7679-1612-7.
Reeves:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Keanu_Reeves
http://hollowverse.com/keanu-reeves/
Llosa:
http://www.nndb.com/people/264/000103952/ (“I am not an atheist. I am an agnostic, which is different. An atheist is a believer and I am not a believer. I am an agnostic, that is, I am a person that declares his perplexity about transcendentalism. That’s what I am.”)
http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/atheist-nobel-prize-winner-mourns-popes-retirement/ (“Mario Vargas Llosa, a Nobel laureate in literature and a self-proclaimed atheist opposed to the moral teachings of the Church.”)
Harding, James. Alpha Dogs: The Americans Who Turned Political Spin into a Global Business. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2008. Print. “But politics dragged two more humiliating months out of Mario Vargas Llosa, the Catholic Church, which had for years bristled at Vargas Llosa’s public atheism, also pleaded with him to stay in the race.”
Thurman:
http://hollowverse.com/uma-thurman/
Skarsgård:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellan_Skarsg%C3%A5rd#Views_on_religion
http://www.expressen.se/debatt/stellan-skarsgard-bibeln-och-koranen-far-inte-styra-skolan/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQmcq3RIHog
Stone:
“I am an atheist, I live my life like I’m an atheist.” – Nightline, ABC News, 25 de Março de 2011.
http://www.vulture.com/2011/03/trey_parker_and_matt_stone_tal.html
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1413
Charbonnier:
http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/13/stephane-charbonnier
http://www.economist.com/news/obituary/21639443-st-phane-charbonnier-charb-cartoonist-and-editor-charlie-hebdo-was-murdered-january
Jagger:
http://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14851-mick-jagger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnMizgYbYuQ, aos 28:19 (“- Você é um sujeito religioso ? Você pensa em Deus ? Você acha que Deus existe ? – Não sou religioso no sentido normal, no sentido católico, como brasileiros. – E vida após a morte ? – Também não creio na vida após a morte, segundo a religião cristã. Não creio nisso. (…) – Você é supersticioso ? – Não, não sou supersticioso.”)
Lydon (Rotten):
Warren Allen Smith, Celebrities in Hell. chelCpress, 2002, p. 74. “On the liner notes of a 1992 single, “Cruel”, he included, “Where is God? I see no evidence of God. God is probably Barry Manilow.””
Johnson, Brian:
http://ultimateclassicrock.com/ac-dc-brian-johnson-religous-controvers/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/04/brian-johnson-of-acdc-religion_n_871269.html
Barrett:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Syd_Barrett
Sinatra:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Frank_Sinatra
Trotsky:
“Morrerei um revolucionário proletário, um marxista, um materialista dialético e, consequentemente, um ateu irreconciliável.” – Trotsky em seu testamento, 27 de fevereiro de 1940.
http://zh.clicrbs.com.br/rs/noticias/noticia/2012/08/neto-de-trotsky-fala-sobre-o-legado-do-avo-3843327.html
Guevara:
http://web.archive.org/web/20140713001531/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0817-07.htm
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Che_Guevara
Bolívar:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=B5GGBuLZJoEC&pg=PT50&lpg=PT50&dq=simon+bolivar+atheist&source=bl&ots=cNO9ERCIcr&sig=K1LgMc_lsTKrE1RllqjjUFl3x5I&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCGoVChMI44WU_OyjxwIVzBGQCh2K2AbJ#v=onepage&q=simon%20bolivar%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=2f4n7PC7PPAC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=simon+bolivar+atheist&source=bl&ots=O3Ni-dasqv&sig=VaUJln0xjj_5y2ICvnRRIyDOryg&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAWoVChMI44WU_OyjxwIVzBGQCh2K2AbJ#v=onepage&q=simon%20bolivar%20atheist&f=false
http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Simon_Bolivar.html
Allende:
http://www.nndb.com/people/053/000091777/
Freire, Roberto:
http://www.rodaviva.fapesp.br/materia/478/entrevistados/roberto_freire_1989.htm
Bachelet:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14739-michelle-bachelet
http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2005/12/30/206367/bachelet-critica-a-la-derecha-por-descalificarla-por-ser-agnostica.html
Larsson:
“I was an atheist and won’t feel any better because of religious ceremonies”. http://www.svt.se/2.93893/1.1156437/stieg_larssons_testamente_hittat
Sting:
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2099139,00.html
Matthews:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14927-dave-matthews
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Dave_Matthews
http://hollowverse.com/dave-matthews/
Stewart:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Al_Stewart
Taylor:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/James_Taylor
Lifeson:
http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-10-13/interview-alex-lifeson-on-god-police-brutality-and-disco-biscuits (“Do you believe in God? No. When I was younger I did.”)
Lee, Geddy:
http://heebmagazine.com/a-show-of-hands-2 (“I consider myself a Jew as a race, but not so much as a religion. I’m not down with religion at all. I’m a Jewish atheist, if that’s possible…”)
Peart:
https://archive.org/stream/TheMaskedRiderNeilPeart600dpi/The%20Masked%20Rider%20Neil%20Peart(600dpi)_djvu.txt (“(…)two epiphanies in one day had been too much for a linear-thinking agnostic like me.”)
Dio:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLuUDrrP44k
Lemmy Kilmister:
http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/mot-rhead-s-lemmy-talks-to-inked-magazine-about-tattoos-politics-strippers-porn-stars/
Lennox:
http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/12/18/annie-lennox-on-how-to-write-a-christmas-carol/
Lee, Stan:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1413
Polanski:
Cronin, Paul (2005). Roman Polanski: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. p. 17. ISBN 1578067995.
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Pckg8k3g-PkC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=roman+polanski+atheist&source=bl&ots=mA12sIV1t-&sig=ACfU3U1IUplEHxT2wnjCMKH2Xw_tLOzXnw&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2hJ_usbLqAhX3H7kGHdkHDloQ6AEwCnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=roman%20polanski%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=3nQHkFA1VKQC&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128&dq=roman+polanski+atheist&source=bl&ots=wI5B-Cb0a3&sig=ACfU3U0w5iu3z-zLNTwWn7h_qz5rvLzrVQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2hJ_usbLqAhX3H7kGHdkHDloQ6AEwB3oECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=roman%20polanski%20atheist&f=false
Godard:
Steven Dillon (2004). Derek Jarman and Lyric Film: The Mirror and the Sea. University of Texas Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780292702240. “Le Fanu characterizes Tarkovsky as a metaphysical opposite of Godard: a spiritual creator contrasted with an ironic one, a believer in the creative power of the word compared to an agnostic.”
May:
“If you say ‘there is no God,’ where is evidence there is no God? You can say ‘I don’t know.’ Being an agnostic to me is a scientific point of view, which is supportable. In my experience, I felt at times that there is a God of some kind. I don’t subscribe to any organized religion – that’s a different matter. But if there is a God, we have very little idea of what that God may be. That’s inherent in what we are,” he said.” – Brian May, RT.com, 26 July 2011.
Penn:
http://hollowverse.com/sean-penn/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frxeS0PlRwE
Groening:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Matt_Groening
Gates:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bill_Gates
http://www.nndb.com/people/435/000022369/#FN1 (Em entrevista com David Frost no canal PBS em 1995, quando perguntado se ele acreditava em Deus: “In terms of doing things I take a fairly scientific approach to why things happen and how they happen. I don’t know if there’s a god or not, but I think religious principles are quite valid.”)
Buffett:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Warren_Buffett
Bosch:
Siemon-Netto, Uwe (July 2007). “The Legacy of a Philanthropist”. The Atlantic Times. Retrieved 9 April 2012. “Bosch was an agnostic who funneled large sums of money to the Lutheran Church of Württemberg led by Bishop Theophil Wurm, a leader in the anti-Nazi Confessing Church movement.”
Nye:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/22/bill-nye-on-belief-in-god_n_4645891.html
Steve Wartenberg: “”So, do you believe in God?” I asked”. “”You really can’t know,” answered Bill Nye the Controversial Guy.” Steve Wartenberg, The Morning Call, 6 April 2006.
Mencken:
“When asked what he would do if on his death he found himself facing the twelve apostles, the agnostic Mencken answered, “I would simply say, ‘Gentlemen, I was mistaken.'”” American Experience; Monkey Trial; People & Events: The Jazz Age, PBS Online, 1999–2001. Acesso em 28 de Julho de 2007.
Ingersoll:
http://infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/why_am_i_agnostic.html
Kazantzakis :
http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-nikos-kazantzakis.htm
James F. Lea (1979). Kazantzakis: the politics of salvation. University of Alabama Press. p. 180. ISBN 9780817370022. H. Kazantzakis, Nikos Kazantzakis, p. 433, relates how their marriage ceremony was moving “even for atheists like ourselves.”
Lewis Owens (2003). Creative Destruction: Nikos Kazantzakis and the Literature of Responsibility. Mercer University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780865548039. Middleton claims that Kazantzakis is not an “atheist” but an “antitheist,” rejecting the theistic God who is attributed with eternity, necessity”
King:
http://reason.com/blog/2015/04/04/larry-king-loves-cryonics-rand-paul-i-wa (“I’m an atheist. Most libertarians should be atheists.”)
http://www.timesofisrael.com/larry-king-comes-to-israel-opines-on-us-jews/ (“While King grew up in a Modern Orthodox household, he calls himself an atheist.”)
“When we got married, I said, ‘Look, since I’m agnostic, I have no right to tell you not to teach them what you believe. But give them an opening.’ So if they ever ask me, I’d tell them the same thing I’m telling you: ‘I don’t buy that God, I don’t know if there’s an afterlife.'” Pogrebin, Abigail (2005). Stars of David: Prominent Jews Talk About Being Jewish. New York: Broadway. pp. 318–322. ISBN 978-0-7679-1612-7.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/02/showbiz/larry-king-i-want-to-be-frozen/index.html?hpt=hp_c2
http://power1051.iheart.com/pages/onair/breakfast-club/#25824817
Cavett:
Dick Cavett (7 de Fevereiro de 2007). “Ghost Stories”. The New York Times Company. “I’m not an atheist exactly, but remain what you might call “suggestible.” (Is there a category of almost-atheist? A person who does not have the courage of his nonconvictions? I guess Woody Allen has, as so often, had the ultimate comic word on the subject. “You cannot prove the nonexistence of God; you just have to take it on faith.”)”
Clooney:
http://hollowverse.com/george-clooney/
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/George_Clooney
Kelly:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Gene_Kelly
Poitier:
Sidney Poitier (2009). Life Beyond Measure: Letters to My Great-Granddaughter. HarperCollins. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-06-149620-2. The question of God, the existence or nonexistence, is a perennial question, because we don’t know. Is the universe the result of God, or was the universe always there?
Sidney Poitier (2009). Life Beyond Measure. HarperCollins. pp. 85–86. ISBN 9780061737251. I don’t see a God who is concerned with the daily operation of the universe. In fact, the universe may be no more than a grain of sand compared with all the other universes. …It is not a God for one culture, or one religion, or one planet.
Jolie:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Angelina_Jolie
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Banderas:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Antonio_Banderas
Bernal:
https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/18714-gael-garcia-bernal
Ryder:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Efron:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Zac_Efron
Bellucci:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Monica_Bellucci
Snowden:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Edward_Snowden
Ferrell:
http://hollowverse.com/will-ferrell/
Bale:
http://hollowverse.com/christian-bale/
Maia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6uf–caOeE, aos 3:05: “Eu acho que qualquer experiência religiosa é prejudicial ao ser humano.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=ti0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT97&lpg=PT97&dq=tim+maia+ateu&source=bl&ots=8ANTwoY3Yx&sig=Z9wwn_sOTxfNTyp2w5SyTO1tbAw&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAzgUahUKEwigzJWHq7XHAhXLEpAKHfYJC7g#v=onepage&q=tim%20maia%20ateu&f=false
http://www.jornalopcao.com.br/colunas-e-blogs/imprensa/talento-musical-salvou-tim-maia-fanatismo-e-dos-discos-voadores-da-cultural-racional-21896/
http://www.guiadasemana.com.br/shows/noticia/tim-maia-racional
Richards:
http://hollowverse.com/keith-richards/
Mercury:
http://hollowverse.com/freddie-mercury/
John, Elton:
http://hollowverse.com/elton-john/
Michael:
http://hollowverse.com/george-michael/
Gibb:
http://hollowverse.com/robin-gibb/
Depp:
http://hollowverse.com/johnny-depp/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjWqwsh-Z8A (“KING: Do you have faith? DEPP: I have faith in my kids. Faith in terms of religion, I don’t — religion is not my specialty, you know.”) – Transcrição do programa Larry King Special: Johnny Depp – Larry King Live, transmitido em 16 de outubro de 2011, na CNN, disponível em http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1110/16/lkl.01.html
Redford:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Robert_Redford
https://hollowverse.com/robert-redford
De Niro:
http://www.villagevoice.com/blogs/de-niro-doesnt-believe-in-god-6371692
Ford:
http://hollowverse.com/harrison-ford/
Deschanel, Emily:
http://www.nextmovie.com/blog/emily-deschanel-interview-the-perfect-family/
Deschanel, Zooey:
http://hollowverse.com/zooey-deschanel/
Willis:
http://hollowverse.com/bruce-willis/
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Bruce_Willis
Parker:
http://hollowverse.com/trey-parker/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker#Personal_life
Atkinson:
http://hollowverse.com/rowan-atkinson/
Portinari:
http://revistaplaneta.terra.com.br/secao/espiritualidade/sem-fe-nem-deus (“Cândido Portinari, Graciliano Ramos, Jean-Paul Sartre, José Saramago e John Lennon. Cada um à sua maneira, todos deram contribuições definitivas para suas áreas de conhecimento. Há, porém, outro fator comum: todos são (ou eram) ateus.”)
http://www.jornalacidade.com.br/lazerecultura/lazerecultura_internaNOT.aspx?idnoticia=956554 (“(…) a capela foi construída por Candido Portinari – que era ateu – especialmente para a avó Pellegrina, que, por conta da frágil saúde, não podia se deslocar até a igreja local.”)
Ramos:
http://revistaplaneta.terra.com.br/secao/espiritualidade/sem-fe-nem-deus
http://escritores.folha.com.br/graciliano_ramos-biografia.html
http://graciliano.com.br/site/autorretrato/
http://www.literaturabrasileira.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=18%3Ageral&id=96%3Acuriosidades-literas&Itemid=1
Duarte:
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/livrariadafolha/ult10082u645201.shtml
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/09/lima-duarte-ateu-famoso.html#.VdS5MflViko
Capri:
http://revistaquem.globo.com/Revista/Quem/0,,EMI243998-9531,00.html?utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=twitterfeed
Gonçalves:
http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL652577-5606,00-MORRE+DERCY+GONCALVES+AOS+ANOS.html (Ela não se dizia religiosa, mas acreditava na natureza. “Não acredito em santo nenhum. Minha religião é a natureza. Deus é um apelido. Ele pra mim não existe. O que existe é a natureza. Deus é fantasma, mas a natureza é a verdade.”)
Jabor:
http://www.revistas.uneb.br/index.php/tabuleirodeletras/article/viewFile/1610/1423 (“Meu pai, engenheiro e militar, me passou dois ensinamentos: ele era ateu e torcia pelo América Futebol Clube. Claro que segui seus passos. Fui América até os 12 anos (…) e parei de acreditar em Deus. (…) Sou ateu, sozinho, condenado a não ter fé (…)”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p79nwqUMJEY
Anysio:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/chico-anysio-ateu-famoso.html#.VdS8EflViko
http://www.abril.com.br/noticias/brasil/chico-anysio-fica-revoltado-morte-filho-cissa-guimaraes-deus-este-580560.shtml (“Chico cita ainda o caso Bruno, as crianças que passam fome na África e os conflitos no Oriente Médio para dizer que essas coisas fazem com que ele seja ateu. “Deus é onisciente? Então ele sabia que o Rafael teria que morrer naquele dia, naquela hora e daquele modo. Sendo assim, meus amigos eu deixo à disposição de todos a minha parte de Deus porque se Ele tem e é tantos ‘onis’ e o mundo está como está, eu prefiro ficar sozinho”, disse.”)
Salgado:
http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/nao-fotografo-apenas-com-a-camera-mas-com-a-minha-origem-diz-sebastiao-salgado/ (“Por fim, ele respondeu se acreditava ou não em Deus. “Não acredito em Deus. Sou ateu. Acredito na ordem geral das coisas. Darwin, com a teoria da evolução das espécies, fez um grande avanço em direção à compreensão da nossa evolução. É fabuloso ver essa evolução e compreender que somos fruto dela”, disse.”)
http://web.archive.org/web/20140703003757/http://rumspringa.com.br/sebastiao-salgado-aula-em-porto-alegre/ (“Salgado também foi aplaudido por se declarar ateu.”)
Siqueira:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqTVbRKgF9g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1BLS_X6S3o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYRoa-3cmII
Prates:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1p5t-7xnFQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0wH_Q-lQ04
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8FZ6G6E7fQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TppnKHmgk6o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TRjdcCSwdA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5MfqNOIaMg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTWM-zSx_jk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjeBOoyh0aw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHQbfJGauMU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpFEttHXg5c
Alves:
http://portal.aprendiz.uol.com.br/content/escolas-hoje-sao-chatas-diz-rubem-alves (“Teólogo e ateu, Alves se posicionou contrário à reeleição do presidente Luiz Inácio de Lula da Silva.”)
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2011/01/onde-estava-deus-quando-isso-aconteceu.html#.VdUMcvlViko
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6cVsOVnsXcYJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff0410201104.htm+&cd=16&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br (“Nossos deuses são nossos desejos projetados até os confins do universo. Há tantos deuses quanto rostos”)
http://cartamaior.com.br/?/Opiniao/Ateu/30865 (“Resta uma catedral em ruínas onde outrora moravam meus deuses. Agora ela está vazia. Meus deuses morreram. Suas cinzas, então, voaram ao vento.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjcrXLs9D24
Carlos:
http://revistatrip.uol.com.br/revista/177/paginas-negras/erasmo-carlos.html
Gil:
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/2007-03-16-2248300129_x.htm (“…his spirituality has taken an agnostic turn. “I began as Christian, then I got interested in the Eastern religions, then I moved to the elemental African religions, then I got interested in theosophy and now I feel I just want to be outside all that,” he said”)
http://www.rodaviva.fapesp.br/materia/6/entrevistados/gilberto_gil_1999.htm
http://www.gil70.com.br/e4.html (“…o ouvi falando sobre Deus de uma maneira agnóstica: Deus como o desconhecido, que não tem por que interferir nos nossos negócios. Só Gil para crer e ter um discurso coerente de agnóstico.”)
http://www.gilbertogil.com.br/sec_texto.php?noticia&id=2194 (“Depois de não precisar dela [religião] por muito tempo na juventude, precisei depois de um tempo e depois achei que já não precisava.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ku-ZTMI_5-w
Santos, Milton:
http://www.dhnet.org.br/direitos/militantes/fester/miltonsantos.htm
Santos, Nílton:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqwhbslGzg4, aos 17 segundos: “Até minha religião é diferente… sabe ? Eu não quero ser diferente das pessoas, mas quando perguntam pela minha religião, eu digo que eu não tenho. A minha religião é não fazer mal a ninguém e, se puder, ajudar alguém. Se Ele existe lá em cima, Ele não vai me castigar por isso. Eu não sou daqueles que faz (sic) barbaridades, acende uma vela, se benze e acha que tá perdoado; eu sou diferente.”
Fonseca:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=B36zSBK3_YMC&pg=PT156&lpg=PT156&dq=rubem+fonseca+ateu&source=bl&ots=UqeyunJEtL&sig=pDazq9_SuAp6_Yvkw1OowOqAReA&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CEUQ6AEwCWoVChMIyPCYyZi4xwIVhk2QCh2xdgdZ#v=onepage&q=rubem%20fonseca%20ateu&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=5J3DCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT49&lpg=PT49&dq=rubem+fonseca+sou+ateu&source=bl&ots=-DrMg04d5t&sig=wRqIjFlYaK6CwzxSJK1S0CMuzTc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBWoVChMIhrfM2pu4xwIVBUGQCh02Qw4t#v=onepage&q=rubem%20fonseca%20sou%20ateu&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=iZYgnFkD0ycC&pg=PT22&lpg=PT22&dq=rubem+fonseca+ateu&source=bl&ots=_VjpCQGrHm&sig=aU1lYYCXlLw6jJZmxTThDhkW9DU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CD8Q6AEwB2oVChMIyPCYyZi4xwIVhk2QCh2xdgdZ#v=onepage&q=rubem%20fonseca%20ateu&f=false
http://www.uel.br/pos/letras/EL/vagao/EL13-Art27.pdf
dos Anjos:
periodicos.urca.br/ojs/index.php/MigREN/article/download/556/545, p. 117.
http://www.jornaldepoesia.jor.br/augusto16a.html
http://sesi.webensino.com.br/sistema/webensino/aulas/repository_data/SESIeduca/ENS_MED/ENS_MED_F03_PORT/410_POR_ENS_MED_03_07/investigando_caminhos.html
Andrade, Oswald:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kxmjTPtxQ5wJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq1707201122.htm+&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://almanaque.folha.uol.com.br/semana12.htm
http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/239/reportagens/ruda_andrade.htm
de Moraes:
http://culturabrasil.cmais.com.br/programas/vinicius-poesia-musica-e-paixao/arquivo/o-carioca-mais-baiano-do-mundo-1
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yOW4X1BCu6sJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq13079907.htm+&cd=40&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=jWzyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=vinicius+de+moraes+ateu&source=bl&ots=Uiq7UORGmQ&sig=Q6tLO53lyKxjscjUT9YHzjPXPFY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBzgKahUKEwimuMrYqbjHAhXLkZAKHfnJCUs#v=onepage&q=vinicius%20de%20moraes%20ateu&f=false
Assis:
http://www.revista.vestibular.uerj.br/coluna/coluna.php?seq_coluna=65
http://www.academia.edu/2629825/A_Paix%C3%A3o_segundo_o_Bruxo_Machado_de_Assis_e_as_co_memora%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Semana_Santa
http://cultura.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,machado-de-assis-critico-da-religiao-imp-,635402
http://www.machadodeassis.org.br/abl_minisites/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?UserActiveTemplate=machadodeassis&infoid=265&sid=37
http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/21474/000736614.pdf?sequence=1
Comte-Sponville:
http://www.revistaplaneta.com.br/sem-fe-nem-deus/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Comte-Sponville
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/daylightatheism/2008/10/the-little-book-of-atheist-spirituality/
Tesla:
“Tesla insisted until his death that he was materialistic, rationalistic, and agnostic”. Tuning in to nature: solar energy, infrared radiation, and the insect communication system. Philip S. Callahan, Devin-Adair Co., 1975, p. 32. https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=r9AgAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=agnostic
“When he was a youth and his mind was in its most plastic and formative stage, he adopted, as we have seen, the then prevalent agnostic and materialistic view of life”. Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla. John J. O’Neill, Cosimo, Inc., 2007, p. 314. https://books.google.com.pa/books?id=lUinLd93GrMC&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false
Nikola Tesla (September 11, 1932). Lawrence R. Spencer. ed. Alien Interview. New York Herald Tribune. p. 303. ISBN 9780615204604. “It might as well be said that God has properties. He has not, but only attributes and these are of our own making.” (“Poder-se-ia dizer que Deus tem propriedades, mas ele não tem; tem apenas atributos, e estes são de nossa própria criação.”)
“There is no conflict between the ideal of religion and the ideal of science, but science is opposed to theological dogmas because science is founded on fact. To me, the universe is simply a great machine which never came into being and never will end. The human being is no exception to the natural order. Man, like the universe, is a machine. Nothing enters our minds or determines our actions which is not directly or indirectly a response to stimuli beating upon our sense organs from without. Owing to the similarity of our construction and the sameness of our environment, we respond in like manner to similar stimuli, and from the concordance of our reactions, understanding is barn. In the course of ages, mechanisms of infinite complexity are developed, but what we call “soul ” or “spirit,” is nothing more than the sum of the functionings of the body. When this functioning ceases, the “soul” or the “spirit” ceases likewise.” – A Machine to End War: A Famous Inventor, Picturing Life 100 Years from Now, Reveals an Astounding Scientific Venture Which He Believes Will Change the Course of History. Liberty, February 1937, by Nikola Tesla
as told to George Sylvester Viereck (http://www.pbs.org/tesla/res/res_art11.html)
“What one man calls God, another calls the laws of physics.”. How to Make a Spaceship: A Band of Renegades, an Epic Race, and the Birth of Private Spaceflight, p. 90. https://books.google.com.br/books?id=o6OoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT58&lpg=PT58&dq=what+one+man+calls+god+another+calls+laws+of+physics&source=bl&ots=SYGQ0YsQCj&sig=3IdX4Z8Vm3tGjAQ88wE_qfpkMkY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijn57diODPAhWCH5AKHd6SDoo4FBDoAQglMAI#v=onepage&q=what%20one%20man%20calls%20god%20another%20calls%20laws%20of%20physics&f=false
Campbell:
http://billmoyers.com/content/ep-6-joseph-campbell-and-the-power-of-myth-masks-of-eternity-audio/
http://www.carnaval.com/campbell/joseph_campbell_links.htm
http://www.folkstory.com/campbell/centennial.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Eoxt1hRm9c
http://lanceschaubert.org/2011/01/04/a-joseph-campbell-religion-did-joseph-campbell-believe-in-god/
http://answers.org/cultsandreligions/campbell.html
Alvarenga:
http://portalimprensa.com.br/portal/ultimas_noticias/2006/02/06/imprensa6982.shtml (“Cinéfilo eventual e agnóstico assumido, trocou a futura carreira de advogado pelo jornalismo (…)”)
Genro, Tarso:
http://zh.clicrbs.com.br/rs/noticias/noticia/2014/09/correndo-mais-que-o-relogio-a-trajetoria-de-tarso-genro-4606172.html
Ramalho:
“Eu sou agnóstico, como John Lennon: imagino o mundo sem religiões”. Entrevista à revista Rolling Stone, edição 30, Março de 2009. http://rollingstone.uol.com.br/edicao/30/ze-ramalho-entrevista-rolling-stone#imagem0
Bial:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbrBbz4ju2A, aos 7 segundos: “— Eu sei que você é agnóstico. — Sou agnóstico, sim. — O que é agnóstico ? — Agnóstico é aquele cara que… ele num diz assim “Deus não existe”, ele diz “eu não sei”. É uma espécie de ateu covarde.”
Vargas:
Ivan Lins, História do positivismo no Brasil, 2a. edição, São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1967, pgs. 208-212.
Jornal O Globo, 25 de fevereiro de 1996, seção “O País”, página 3, na reportagem “Os segredos de Alzira Vargas”: “Embora se declarasse agnóstico, alguns santinhos que deixou numa carteira gasta de dinheiro, antes de cometer suicídio e que foram recolhidos para o acervo de Alzira revelam que Getúlio tinha fé.”
http://www.periodicos.ufes.br/dimensoes/article/download/2594/2090, p. 291.
Neto, Felipe:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062553/https://twitter.com/felipeneto/status/3457320716 (“Sou agnóstico com tendência fortemente ateísta. Apenas não digo categoricamente que “Deus não existe”, pois não há como provar”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWyFR_1OBTU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylSnKCSU4QQ
Geisel:
http://redept.org/uploads/biblioteca/4ecd64aa07771ed7bacfffb8d0327518.pdf (“Luterano por hábito familiar, o general era um agnóstico discreto e anticlerical assumido. Acreditava quando muito na existência de uma força criadora do universo, a qual, no entanto, seria um ente da física, não uma divindade. Nunca se dirigira ao sobrenatural. Entendia as religiões como sacrários de princípios. Lembrava-se dos padres de Bento Gonçalves ameaçando com o inferno quem entrasse em templo protestante, da professora primária ensinando que a Santa Madre era a Igreja “única e verdadeira”. Em condições normais, Geisel era anticlerical por agnóstico. Com uma Igreja na oposição, à sua esquerda, por convicção.”)
Byron:
https://suicidegirls.com/girls/sash/blog/2680332/kari-byron/
https://twitter.com/KariByron/status/100005774520107009
Brandão:
http://www.historia.uff.br/stricto/teses/Dissert-2003_AMARAL_Roberto_Mansilla-S.pdf
Marighella:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:f4q1kkjrUUsJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/74264-biografo-rejeita-tese-de-traicao-a-marighella.shtml+&cd=3&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/brasil/2012-12-21/marighella-resgata-protagonista-da-luta-armada-esquecido-pela-historia-oficial.html
http://divirta-se.uai.com.br/app/noticia/pensar/2013/04/06/noticia_pensar,141521/um-homem-de-acao.shtml
http://www.pcdob.org.br/noticia.php?id_noticia=199487&id_secao=61
Herculano-Houzel:
http://www.suzanaherculanohouzel.com/journal/2010/10/17/sou-ateia-e-sinto-me-discriminada-pronto-falei.html
Pereio:
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/01/paulo-cesar-pereio-ateu-famoso.html#.Vd_H7PlViko
https://br.noticias.yahoo.com/video/2-chopes-com-pereio-191228823.html (“Ateu, Paulo César Pereio ator diz que é preciso entender os religiosos”. Aos 24 segundos do vídeo: “— Você é ateu? — É, eu poderia ser classificado… religião: ateu.”)
Moon (Pedro Ernesto de Luna Filho):
http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Ciencia-e-tecnologia/noticia/2011/12/o-universo-nao-precisa-de-deus.html
Peçanha:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sb3uywCuAE0, aos 6:35
Pompéia:
http://www.franca.unesp.br/Home/Pos-graduacao/rodrigo2006.pdf
Calvino:
“Political Autobiography of a Young Man” e “Objective Biographical Notice”, ensaios autobiográficos disponíveis em Hermit in Paris, p. 133 e 162.
Hadamard:
Shaposhnikova, T. O. (1999). Jacques Hadamard: A Universal Mathematician. American Mathematical Soc. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8218-1923-4. In 1924, Hadamard recounted his meetings with Hermite: “…When Hermite loved to direct to me remarks such as: “He who strays from the paths traced by Providence crashes.” These were the words of a profoundly religious man, but an atheist like me understood them very well, especially when he added at other times: “In mathematics, our role is more that of servant than master.””
Vieira:
http://www.elivieira.com/2010/05/o-que-e-ser-ateu-pra-voce.html
http://www.elivieira.com/2010/04/quais-sao-seus-livros-sobre-ateismo.html
http://www.elivieira.com/2008/04/entrevista-sobre-atesmo-ou-vira-o-disco.html
Montgolfier:
Joseph Mazzini Wheeler (1889). A biographical dictionary of freethinkers of all ages and nations. Progressive publishing company. p. 232. Montgolfier (Michel Joseph), aeronaut. b. Aug. 1740. He was the first to ascend in an air balloon, 5 June 1783. A friend of Delambre and La Lalande, he was on the testimony of this last an atheist. Died 26 June 1810.
Warren Allen Smith (2000). Who’s who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 762. ISBN 9781569801581. Also that year, a Montgolfier balloon sailed over Paris in the first manned free balloon flight. Montgolfier served the Revolution with zeal and was much honored. Lalande, who knew him well, wrote that Montgolfier was an atheist.
Maupertuis:
René Bösch (2007). Labyrinth of Digressions: Tristram Shandy as Perceived and Influenced by Sterne’s Early ImitatorsRodopi, p. 265. ISBN 9789042022911. “Maupertuis was an atheist friend of La Mettrie.”
Gomes, Jesus Norberto:
http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI155644-15259,00-UM%20GUARANA%20CORDEROSA%20DO%20MARANHAO%20CONQUISTA%20A%20MAIOR%20PREMIACAO%20MUNDIAL%20DE%20DES.html
Baker:
http://old.post-gazette.com/tv/20030102baker5.asp
http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/tv/2010/04/06/13483326.html
Purefoy:
http://www.examiner.com/article/james-purefoy-is-a-sadistic-serial-killer-the-following
Stern:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Howard_Stern
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/28/AR2006062802144.html
Page:
http://time.com/4001823/ellen-page-freeheld/
Karnal:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krQ5GDsLvMY, aos 41 segundos: “— Karnal: Eu sou como Deus, eu estou em todo lugar ao mesmo tempo. Isso graças à internet, graças à televisão, graças a todos esses recursos eu tenho estado em muitos lugares e com a mensagem que tem se difundido muito, atomizado muito. — Jô Soares: e com um Deus absolutamente ateu. — Karnal: eu sou ateu, mas sou limpinho, Jô, eu sou absolutamente… limpinho. As pessoas me perguntam como é que alguém que não tem religião, não tem fé, escreve tanto sobre religião, estuda tanto Bíblia; eu digo que eu sou um ginecologista: eu não tenho o objeto que eu estudo, eu apenas me interesso por ele.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubqxfjbQPRg, aos 5:19: “Quem é ateu não adora nem Deus nem o capeta. Para mim não existe nem Deus nem o demônio.”
http://www.paulopes.com.br/2015/11/karnal-entra-na-lista-dos-ateus-brasileiros-famosos.html#.VuggHOIrK1s
Cruijff:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2016/03/25/how-johan-cruyff-and-the-dutch-came-close-to-missing-the-1974-world-cup-finals/#7934ad895b65
http://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/johan-cruyff-icon#:0U7ik3nnxnQfqA
Skylab:
https://web.archive.org/web/20080105101405/http://omundodefry.no.sapo.pt/sky1.html (“O Mundo de Fry: Tem religião? O que acha disso? Rogério Skylab: Não tenho religião, sou agnóstico. A diferença entre o ateu e o agnóstico é que o primeiro precisa negar Deus, ou seja, é necessário que a idéia de Deus exista para que seja negada. Em outros termos: o ateu precisa de Deus para negá-lo. Já o agnóstico não: se Deus existe ou não existe, isso não tem a menor importância.”)
http://tc.batepapo.uol.com.br/convidados/arquivo/musica/rogerio-skylab-cantor-e-compositor.jhtm (“Rogério Skylab: Urubu, não. a religião pra mim não é um problema. a morte de Deus pra mim não é problema. o ateu precisa negar Deus – é importante que exista pra negar. prao agnóstico Deus não é mais um problema. pra mim religião não é questão, ela não existe.”)
Cailliau:
“As Richard Dawkins points out, I have no obligation to explain why I am an atheist, it’s for those who believe in a god to supply evidence.” – http://www.robertcailliau.eu/Alphabetical/A/Atheism/
Smith, Warren Allen:
http://www.wired.com/2006/11/faces3/
Bataille:
https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/georges-bataille-and-mysticism-sin (“(…) what is the connection between mysticism and morality? This last question raises an especially interesting issue for Bataille, an atheist whom readers generally associate with images of transgression and sin.”)
Stuart Kendall (2007). Georges Bataille. Reaktion Books. “An atheist in a deeply Catholic country, he rejected Surrealism, Marxism and Existentialism in turn.”
Lamont:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAwU60aShQ4, aos 38 segundos: “We have no proof of the existence of any supernatural, such as God or immortality (…) the belief in the supernatural is based on false reasoning and can’t do you any good (…)”
http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=19474
http://spectator.org/articles/38417/aclus-not-so-holy-trinity
Suzuki:
Suzuki, David (1987). Metamorphosis: States in a Life Stoddart [S.l.] ISBN 978-0-7737-2139-5. As a life-long atheist, I have dreaded, not the process of dying, but the terrible consequence of not being forever after.
Blackett:
“The grandson of a vicar on his father’s side, Blackett respected religious observances that were established social customs, but described himself as agnostic or atheist.” Mary Jo Nye: “Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart.” Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 19 p. 293. Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008.
Broca:
http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/paulbroca
Contente TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2oevbL1gqI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6fyb3-vSWU
Maréchal:
http://collections.stanford.edu/supere/page.action?forward=author_sylvain_marechal§ion=authors
http://www.iisg.nl/collections/marechal/
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=m_l9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=Sylvain+Mar%C3%A9chal+atheist&source=bl&ots=qx2KLsAljT&sig=rs0eqOprqMjF0GiK0mqakdwQKHc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT1rnFmaPMAhVNlpAKHfQwCiUQ6AEISzAG#v=onepage&q=Sylvain%20Mar%C3%A9chal%20atheist&f=false
Bunge:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=w-soo6UdwhAC&pg=PA542&lpg=PA542&dq=mario+bunge+atheist&source=bl&ots=Oif4eOYtX2&sig=1dFA8OudEAFEhu5y0uYvZIomWjE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-tKfZiabMAhWJhJAKHT0hAzMQ6AEIPzAD#v=onepage&q=mario%20bunge%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=feW3CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA240&lpg=PA240&dq=mario+bunge+atheist&source=bl&ots=XdPv2KSfuj&sig=QQlw_GUB3hkOI7Qi5SUkxLlwNKE&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-tKfZiabMAhWJhJAKHT0hAzMQ6AEISjAF#v=onepage&q=mario%20bunge%20atheist&f=false
Uygur:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLKLUC3OQ8E, aos 4:24: “Don’t get me wrong, I might be atheist/agnostic etc., but that 37% are probably terrific people.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_aKXYLMPR0, aos 10:20: “I’m a more hardcore atheist in that sense than they are.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1MWkmAChZA
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cenk-uygur/six-degrees-of-barack-oba_b_99110.html
Ramsey:
http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Ra.html
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/3484/RamseyText.html?sequence=5
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=VfrRiCQr4NAC&pg=PA225&lpg=PA225&dq=frank+ramsey+atheist&source=bl&ots=mY_-KIQcGC&sig=xwYrIQd-Y1kp18VzwGtRjKolA0w&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUourx6-fMAhXCkJAKHYpmBzsQ6AEITDAF#v=onepage&q=frank%20ramsey%20atheist&f=false
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=fj0jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=frank+ramsey+atheist&source=bl&ots=SMg5ymriEg&sig=D9xEN82I8ej0RCuP9rVBC5bH-Gk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUourx6-fMAhXCkJAKHYpmBzsQ6AEIRjAE#v=onepage&q=frank%20ramsey%20atheist&f=false
D. H. Mellor, ‘Ramsey, Frank Plumpton (1903–1930)’ (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37882), ”Oxford Dictionary of National Biography”, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, October 2005. “His tolerance and good humour enabled him to disagree strongly without giving or taking offence, for example with his brother Michael Ramsey whose ordination (he went on to become archbishop of Canterbury) Ramsey, as a militant atheist, naturally regretted.”
Anastasio:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Momus:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Carlyle:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Gass:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1394
Whedon:
http://www.avclub.com/article/is-there-a-god-1413
Wolinski:
http://odia.ig.com.br/noticia/opiniao/2015-03-14/jaguar-wolinski-nunca-mais.html
Greene, Graham:
“Eu não gosto de piedade religiosa convencional. Estou mais à vontade com o catolicismo de países católicos. Eu sempre achei difícil acreditar em Deus. Eu suponho que eu agora chamo a mim mesmo um ateu católico.” Graham Greene, entrevistado por VS Pritchett, Saturday Review: Graham Greene into the light’, The Times, 18 de março de 1978; pg. 6; Issue 60260; col A.
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/40460
Genro, Luciana:
http://noticias.terra.com.br/eleicoes/politica-e-religiao-combinam-candidatos-expoem-divergencias,a7f987e654138410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRgZjwoGgi4
Pullman:
Miller, Laura. “[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/26/far-from-narnia Far From Narnia]” (artigo do Life and Letters). The New Yorker. Acesso em 31 de outubro de 2007. “he is one of England’s most outspoken atheists.”
“Sympathy for the Devil by Adam R. Holz”. Plugged In Online. Consultado em 14 de Setembro de 2013. “I suppose technically, you’d have to put me down as an agnostic.”
Craig:
http://www.zeit.de/2012/03/Interview-Craig/seite-2 – “ZEIT: In Verblendung gibt es, wie schon in anderen Filmen von David Fincher, Bezüge zur Bibel. Sind Sie gläubig? Craig: Ich bin Atheist.”
http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/daniel-craig-my-new-movie-is-not-963516 (“I’ve never been religious and I’m not a church-goer, but I do find religion fascinating because it has such a huge impact on our lives.”)
Luz:
https://www.facebook.com/edmarluzoficial/photos/a.418869738304608.1073741828.417269601797955/495730597285188/?type=3&theater
https://www.facebook.com/edmarluzoficial/photos/a.418869738304608.1073741828.417269601797955/495556447302603/?type=3&theater
Henrique Cardoso:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZcmGBRLNf8, aos 18 segundos: “Eu diria que eu sou agnóstico, ou seja, eu não vou dizer que existe ou não existe (…)”
Klum:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Heidi_Klum
Pearce:
http://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/27/entertainment/et-pearce27/2
Shatner:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/William_Shatner
Streep:
http://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Meryl_Streep
http://www.secularism.org.uk/comingoutasatheistmerylstreep.html
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/meryl-streep-movies-marriage-and-turning-sixty-1488485.html
Babenco:
http://www.brasil247.com/pt/247/cultura/200323/Babenco-a-Solnik-‘N%C3%A3o-filmo-mais-no-Brasil’.htm
http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/hector-babenco-dirige-segmento-do-filme-falando-com-deuses-sobre-umbanda-14069182
Evelyn:
http://www.estadao.com.br/blogs/jt-variedades//10446/
Braga Nunes:
http://www.revistastatus.com.br/2012/06/10/gabriel-braga-nunes/
https://diversao.terra.com.br/tv/novelas/ateu-braga-nunes-e-aposta-da-globo-como-mocinho-em-novela-espirita,15d3507c7255a310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html
http://www.ofuxico.com.br/noticias-sobre-famosos/ateu-gabriel-braga-nunes-convive-com-ideias-espiritas-em-novela/2012/02/15-131938.html
http://www.altoastral.com.br/destaque/entrevista-com-gabriel-braga-nunes-2/
Pondé:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MT2TXypE7c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMt_mVuReNU, em 1:09: “Eu não acredito nem em um deus nem em vários deuses porque simplesmente eu não consigo acreditar que exista um projeto pro universo nem consigo acreditar que exista um projeto pro mundo nem um sentido maior na vida (…)”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoJL_xM-SQA, aos 2:11: “Eu não acredito, eu não tenho fé em coisa nenhuma (…) Eu não acredito em Deus no sentido que eu não preciso de acreditar em Deus no dia a dia, eu não acho que existe vida após a morte (…)”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vv4nQ1v7_lE, aos 17:33: “Eu, quando digo que sou ateu, eu sou ateu meio sem querer (…) Eu tenho uma forte sensação (pra não dizer certeza, porque não dá pra ter certeza nesse ambiente, nem provar que ele existe nem que ele não existe) de que aparentemente não existe nenhum ser tomando conta do mundo.”
http://tvuol.uol.com.br/video/luiz-felipe-ponde-conta-por-que-deixou-de-ser-ateu-04020C993862DCB14326
http://faustomag.com/luiz-felipe-ponde-deus-e-o-maior-personagem-da-literatura-ocidental/ (“Luiz Felipe Pondé é o próprio contraponto: contrasta e complementa, é ateu e apaixonado por Deus. (…) E Deus? Você escreve muito sobre Deus em seus livros… Eu adoro Deus. Acho Deus uma ideia elegante. Virei ateu com oito anos. Então, você fala de Deus como um conceito?
Encanta-me o personagem Deus. A minha relação com Deus não é de crença, é de paixão.”)
http://www.jj.com.br/noticias-23158-autor-de-best-seller-luiz-felipe-ponde-fala-sobre-etica-e-e-religiao (“Na verdade, eu me considero um ateu não praticante (…)”)
Adnet:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3o9G3vHpIk, aos 16:49: “Eu, pessoalmente, sou agnóstico e acho que… Eu gosto de religião como assunto, mas não pratico. Como praticante, eu sou agnóstico.”
https://twitter.com/marceloadnet/status/261478759524360192 (““@_tamiresM_: @marceloadnet0 Afinal, qual é sua religião? (fiquei curiosa)” Acho que sou agnóstico, mas ainda não estou certo…”)
Everett:
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/2009/02/497009-apos-trabalho-com-indios-no-amazonas-missionario-evangelico-vira-cientista-ateu.shtml (“O americano Daniel Everett, 55, negou Deus por duas vezes. Primeiro o Deus literal, cristão, cuja inexistência declarou depois de conviver por décadas com os índios pirahãs, do Amazonas, com o propósito inicial –frustrado– de traduzir a Bíblia para a sua língua.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad6V9AKt24U
Uchimura:
http://www.dn.pt/desporto/rio-2016/interior/kohei-uchimura-ja-tem-o-titulo-que-lhe-faltava-o-ouro-coletivo-5328623.html (“Afinal, o obstinado japonês – cujo lema é “não acredito em Deus nem em lances de sorte, acredito na prática” – parecia destinado, desde o berço, a viver momentos de glória nesta modalidade (…)”)
http://www.smh.com.au/sport/olympics/rio-2016/how-kohei-uchimura-became-the-best-gymnast-of-all-time-at-the-rio-olympics-20160810-gqpucd.html (“As he once said: “I don’t believe in God. I never had lucky charms. All I believe in is practice.” Sounds like a blast.”)
Nayara e Natasha Rattacasso:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzoS09JLV3I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-wIcy99DrY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI5df2S1tcA
Starkey:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9349289/David-Starkey-Do-gays-need-to-call-each-other-Mr-and-Mrs.html (“As an atheist gay who regards marriage as part of the baggage of heterosexual society which I have come to respect but can never fully share, I am tempted to say a plague on both your houses.”)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/question_time/9414147.stm (“The historian David Starkey, who is gay and an atheist (…)”)
Zeman:
http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2013/03/08/czech-president-milos-zeman-casts-himself-as-unifier/
http://www.krestandnes.cz/article/milos-zeman-jsem-tolerantni-ateista/21707.htm
Kennedy:
http://teamrock.com/feature/2014-07-16/religion-myles-kennedy (“— Do you believe in God today? — I’m on the fence – I guess you’d refer to me as an agnostic. I don’t know if there’s a God. It would be great if there was one, but I just don’t know. I haven’t seen proof.”)
Cony:
http://web.archive.org/web/20160415052208/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/carlosheitorcony/2016/03/1754330-o-felix-culpa.shtml (“Agnóstico por convicção, gosto de comemorar as duas páscoas.”)
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:SjVSzV-Dz0IJ:www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/78580-deus-seja-louvado.shtml+&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br (“(…) o país tem diversas religiões e, inclusive, tem razoável porcentagem de ateus ou agnósticos de carteirinha, entre os quais o cronista se inclui (…)”)
http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,ERT165423-15220-165423-3934,00.html (“Carlos Heitor Cony gosta de se classificar como o mais católico dos agnósticos (…) Época: Isso quer dizer que você voltou ao catolicismo? Cony: Não, continuo agnóstico. Vivo uma dúvida geral. Até da existência de Deus.”)
http://www.revistacontinente.com.br/conteudo/1056-a-contenente/colunas/diario-de-uma-vibora/17854-O-dia-em-que-o-%E2%80%9Cte%C3%B3logo-ateu%E2%80%9D-visitou-J%C3%A2nio-Quadros.html (“Cony passou a expor uma erudita exegese sobre a evolução do que ele chamava de sua “crise espiritual” – que teve início quando ele era aluno aplicado do Seminário São José, no Rio, e só findou quando o jovem crente e temente de ontem se transformou no irremediável agnóstico de hoje.”)
http://www.carlosheitorcony.com.br/imprensa.aspx?nNOT_Codigo=24 (“(…) depois de pensar em se dedicar à vida monástica, virou ateu e hoje é um agnóstico devoto de Maria (…)”)
http://www.jb.com.br/cultura/noticias/2009/05/22/carlos-heitor-cony-revela-os-livros-que-deixou-de-fazer/ (“Sou um ateu pusilânime, que, por pura admiração, continua ligado sentimentalmente a determinados santos. Mas não rezo, não faço promessa, nem lhes peço nada.”)
http://www.memoriaviva.com.br/ocruzeiro/03101964/031064_1.htm (“CARLOS HEITOR CONY foi seminarista e virou ateísta. Não faz propaganda do seu ateísmo, que é puramente amadorístico.”)
http://www.conjur.com.br/2007-set-13/ministro_nao_discriminado_conservador
http://www.academia.org.br/academicos/carlos-heitor-cony/discurso-de-recepcao
Simão:
http://www2.uol.com.br/josesimao/biografia.htm (“Religião: ateu místico. Aquele que faz o sinal da cruz, toma banho de sal grosso e tem três São Jorges ao lado do computador! E ecumênico por ecumênico eu prefiro o ecumenicuzinho da Madonna!”)
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/mais/fs2412200013.htm (“Eu quero livro pra ateu. Sendo que eu sou ateu místico. Ateu místico é aquele que faz o sinal da cruz. Eu tava na igreja do Bonfim em Salvador quando entrei, ajoelhei e fiz o sinal da cruz, e uma amiga perguntou: “Ué, você não é ateu?”. “Sou, ateu místico!”.”)
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq2004201102.htm (“Um dia fui pra igreja do Bonfim com uma amiga, entrei, ajoelhei e fiz o sinal da cruz. E ela: “Mas você não disse que era ateu?”. Sou ateu místico!”)
Armstrong, Billie Joe:
https://hollowverse.com/billie-joe-armstrong
Ulam:
https://books.google.com.br/books?ei=jntPUNaTMafZ0QHMloGQBQ&id=pc51AAAAMAAJ, p. 36 (“I’m an agnostic. Sometimes I muse deeply on the forces that are for me invisible. When I am almost close to the idea of God, I feel immediately estranged by the horrors of this world, which he seems to tolerate”)
Frost:
http://web.archive.org/web/20160225172405/http://www.dvdverdict.com/interviews/shaundead.php (“Even though I’m an atheist now, I was brought up Catholic (…)”)
Branson:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xe–92E3_fA
http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/15/asked-about-belief-in-god-richard-branson-says-he-believes-in-evolution/ (“Morgan: Do you believe more or less in God since the day after your conversation over diner? Branson: Hum… I believe in evolution. (…) I do think that religion has done a lot of harm over the years and just because one’s born in one country and not another country, one shouldn’t necessarily think ‘our god is the right god and somebody else’s god is the wrong god’, so… I see myself as a humanitarian who loves people. Maybe one day somebody will be able to convince that there is a god and there is a particular god, but… I love people and that’s to me the most important thing. (…) Morgan: and despite the fact that you survived that, Richard, with the .1%, you still don’t believe! Branson: I would love to believe, and I think it’s very comforting to believe (…) If somebody can convince me that there is a god, it would obviously be wonderful (…)”)
Losing My Virginity (p.239) “I do not believe in God, but, as I sat there in the damaged capsule, hopelessly vulnerable to the slightest shift in weather or mechanical fault, I could not believe my eyes.” (https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=NWxnDythozIC&q=I+do+not+believe+in+God#v=snippet&q=I%20do%20not%20believe%20in%20God&f=false)
Gorki:
Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Dobrenko (2007). Political Economy of Socialist Realism. Yale University Press. p. 76. ISBN 9780300122800. “Gorky hated religion with all the passion of a former God-builder. Probably no other Russian writer (unless one considers Dem’ian Bednyi a writer) expressed so many angry words about God, religion, and the church. But Gorky’s atheism always fed on that same hatred of nature. He wrote about God and about nature in the very same terms.”
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=3W5r0Rr8_RAC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=gorki+atheist&source=bl&ots=IqXIGXftaN&sig=yuiqhBieJwEu0IfUMgBszi_-HD0&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAtfO_h8nPAhVBEZAKHZD6B9wQ6AEIVjAH#v=onepage&q=gorki%20atheist&f=false (“By a curious irony of fate, this atheist learned to read out of a prayer-book (…)”)
James Redmond, Drama and Philosophy, p. 161. “(…) Gorky — a religious agnostic praised as a social realist by the communist regime during the demise of imperial Russia (…)”
Tova Yedlin, Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography, p. 86. “Gorky had long rejected all organized religions. Yet he was not a materialist, and thus he could not be satisfied with Marx’s ideas on religion. When asked to express his views about religion in a questionnaire sent by the French journal Mercure de France on April 15, 1907, Gorky replied that he was opposed to the existing religions of Moses, Christ, and Mohammed. He defined religious feeling as an awareness of a harmonious link that joins man to the universe and as an aspiration for synthesis, inherent in every individual.”
https://www.trivia-library.com/a/biography-of-famous-atheist-maxim-gorky.htm
Carroll:
http://www.salon.com/2016/05/08/the_evidence_is_pretty_incontrovertible_that_he_doesnt_exist_stephen_colberts_favorite_scientist_on_the_universe_naturalism_and_finding_meaning_without_god/ (“Dr. Carroll is also a vocal atheist who’s debated Christian apologists such as Dinesh D’Souza and William Lane Craig.”)
http://www.strangenotions.com/why-does-the-universe-exist-atheist-sean-carroll-answers/
http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2013/05/i_won_t_take_money_from_templeton_science_and_religion_can_t_be_reconciled.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/18/science-god-biology-astronomy-physics-deity_n_1894010.html
White:
http://www.mmafighting.com/2008/08/14/dana-white-tells-playboy-about-his-atheism-steroid-use-and-love (“I don’t believe in God, the devil, ghosts or any of that s—,” White says. “But I’m still fascinated by religion — how violent and crazy it is. That stuff sticks with you.”)
Mlodinow:
http://veja.abril.com.br/ciencia/deus-e-o-proprio-conjunto-de-leis-que-rege-a-natureza-afirma-fisico-e-escritor-leonard-mlodinow/ (“O senhor acredita em algum deus? De certo modo sim. Apesar de acreditar nas leis da Física, parece que não existe uma razão para explicar por que essas leis existem. Por que as coisas não acontecem aleatoriamente? Talvez esse seja o milagre: o universo segue as leis da natureza. Talvez essas leis que regem o universo sejam a definição de ‘deus’. É uma noção bem diferente de um ser que está lá em cima metendo o dedo na vida das pessoas e fazendo milagres. A Física busca explicações simples para descrever o mundo que experimentamos”)
Moura:
https://twitter.com/cauemoura/status/283163574623408128 (“por que comemoro o natal sendo ateu? porque eu quero, tenta me impedir seu bosta”)
https://twitter.com/cauemoura/status/760846050596757504 (“é por isso que eu sou ateu”)
https://twitter.com/cauemoura/status/273441057042202625 (“hoje é fácil ser ateu, eu sou da época que as pessoas de pensamento livre eram queimadas na fogueira sob acusação de serem bruxas, era osso”)
https://twitter.com/cauemoura/status/273446476850552833 (“”não existem ateus em um avião caindo” é o crente afirmando que eu preciso atingir um nível de desespero irracional pra pensar como ele.”)
https://twitter.com/cauemoura/status/129999560595615744 (“ateu é do mau, ateu só faz atrocidade. agora pergunta a religião dos encarcerados de qualquer presídio do brasil. game over.”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dzzbuJpes0, em 1:20
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYRoa-3cmII
Bauman:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=KgU8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Zygmunt+Bauman+agnostic&source=bl&ots=SuaFqsWYxG&sig=7ZBDM-v3NDtg3qE3lmiygsFfPCU&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHluzb0oDQAhWEGZAKHRQTB1EQ6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=Zygmunt%20Bauman%20agnostic&f=false
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2015/12/11/book-review-of-god-and-man-by-zygmunt-bauman-and-stanislaw-obirek/ (“…both have, via different paths, arrived at agnosticism, which has become for them a tool of analysis in discerning how mankind comes to its conclusions about both religious and secular concerns.”)
Babá (João Batista Oliveira de Araújo):
http://mais.uol.com.br/view/1575mnadmj5c/ateus-usam-secador-para-desbatizar-durante-visita-do-papa-04024E1B3464C0B14326, em 1:13 (“Fui batizado ainda bebê porque eu sou de família de origem cristã; hoje eu sou ateu.”)
Constantino:
https://www.institutoliberal.org.br/blog/serie-espiritualidade-e-pensamento-liberal-rodrigo-constantino-ateismoagnosticismo/ (“Se não me falha a memória, foi com 16 ou 17 anos que me defini como ateu. (…) Está mais para um agnosticismo filosófico. Se não há provas, então não posso afirmar que Deus existe. (…) Quando me digo ateu, é mais porque todos somos “ateus” em relação aos deuses dos outros.”)
Holtz:
http://extra.globo.com/tv-e-lazer/vila-de-lei-do-amor-vera-holtz-ja-quis-ser-freira-mas-hoje-nao-acredita-em-deus-20654441.html (“Vera Holtz já quis ser freira, mas hoje não acredita em Deus” / “(…) já não consigo acreditar naquele Deus que me apresentaram: semelhante ao homem, mas com superpoderes. Super-heróis, para mim, só os da Marvel, de que sou fã.”)
Soares:
http://ionline.sapo.pt/264903 (“Jonal i: Nos momentos mais difíceis não teve a tentação de se aproximar de Deus? A uma ideia de transcendência? Soares: Isso nunca me veio à cabeça! (…) Jornal i: Já disse que não é crente, de maneira nenhuma. Mas nunca o ouvi dizer que era ateu. Soares: Não sou religioso. Ser ateu também tem o significado de ser contra. Eu não sou contra nem a favor, não acredito em Deus. E o meu pai era padre!”)
Mário Soares: uma fotobiografia, Maria Fernanda Rollo, José Maria Brandão de Brito e Maria Inácia Rezola. Bertrand, 1995, p. 12. ISBN 9722509624. “Sou socialista, republicano e laico.”
Ruse:
http://www.strangenotions.com/interview-with-atheist-philosopher-dr-michael-ruse/ (“I suppose you could call me an agnostic or skeptic, who is atheistic about traditional religions.” – “Many Christian theologians claim you as their favorite atheist philosopher (…)”)
http://thinkingmatters.org.nz/2009/08/michael-ruse-on-why-the-new-atheists-are-a-bloody-disaster/ (“Michael Ruse, the atheist philosopher of biology (…)”)
Duvivier:
https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/21/ateus-saem-do-armario-religioso-e-reclamam-de-dificil-aceitacao-no-brasil.htm (“‘Se você não acreditar em Deus, você tem o demônio no corpo.’ Assim o ator Gregorio Duvivier, 30, descreve a reação de boa parte da população religiosa brasileira diante de alguém que se declara ateu. O ator revela que nunca teve uma formação religiosa e, por isso, não enfrentou problemas em sua relação com amigos e familiares por ser alguém que questiona a existência de Deus. (…) ‘O Brasil é um país difícil para os ateus porque nós somos uma minoria realmente pequena'”)
Festinger:
“Festinger, a professed atheist, was an original thinker and a restless, highly motivated individual with (in his words) “little tolerance for boredom”. ” Franz Samelson: “Festinger, Leon”, American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000 (accessed April 28, 2008)
Pirula:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jRqbW1AVMM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVkklTe77Ww
Maslow:
Michael Martin (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press. p. 310. ISBN 9780521842709. Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including G. Stanley Hall, John B. Watson, Carl R. Rogers…Abraham Maslow…Maslow was a second-generation atheist, and his father was a militant freethinker.
Woolfson:
http://www.the-alan-parsons-project.com/eye-in-the-sky (Memories: “the album is really about belief systems, either political or religious without being in any way judgmental or preaching as Eric is a confirmed, but respectful atheist.”)
Murray:
https://www.spectator.co.uk/2013/02/call-off-the-faith-wars/ (“While an atheist myself…”)
https://www.spectator.co.uk/2008/12/studying-islam-has-made-me-an-atheist/
Ben-Gurion:
Tariq Ali (2003). The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity (2 ed.). Verso. p. 10. ISBN 9781859844571. “Ben-Gurion and Moshe Dayan were self-proclaimed atheists.”
Giulio Meotti (2011). A New Shoah: The Untold Story of Israel’s Victims of Terrorism. ReadHowYouWant.com. p. 147. ISBN 9781459617414. “Even atheist and socialist Israelis like David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Dayan, and Golda Meir were marked by the stories and legends of King David and the prophets. In other words, their lives had been shaped by Hebron.”
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/biography-david-ben-gurion/5810.aspx (“By his own admission Ben-Gurion was irreligious, even atheistic as a youth. Even in his later years he demonstrated no great sympathy for the elements of traditional Judaism, though he quoted the Bible extensively in his speeches and writings—more than any other Jewish politician then or since.”)
DiCaprio:
http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/leonardo-dicaprio-faces-his-demons-20100805 (“I’m not an atheist, I’m agnostic. What I honestly think about is the planet, not my specific spiritual soul floating around.”)
Owen:
P. D. Anthony (2003). The Ideology of Work. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 9780415264631. “Even an agnostic employer like Robert Owen, unwilling to rest upon the final authority of God, demanded obedience and exercised responsibility for employees whom he regarded as dependent and requiring the moulding influence of a benevolent owner.”
W. Devereux Jones (2007). The Flight of the Wasps: The Europrotestants: Their Roots and Culture, from the Earliest Times to the End of the 20th Century. AuthorHouse. p. 273. ISBN 9781425971717. “The earliest major reformer to take an interest in the British workers was not a churchman, but an agnostic named Robert Owen (died 1858).”
Ronald W. Walker (1998). Wayward Saints: THE GODBEITES AND BRIGHAM YOUNG. University of Illinois Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780252067051. “Robert Owen, the New Lanark industrialist, social reformer, and religious agnostic, urged factory managers to be more mindful of the men, women, and children they employed; advocated parliamentary regulation of the mills; argued for the organization of workers into unions; and had taken steps to build an American utopian Zion at New Harmony, Indiana.”
Moledo do Val:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vv4nQ1v7_lE (aos 14:40: “Eu sou ateu toddynho, sabe o ateu toddynho ? Sou eu. Eu sou o ateu toddynho.”)
https://ceticismopolitico.com/2016/11/02/a-goleada-de-nando-moura-sobre-arthur-do-val-em-debate-tem-uma-razao-so-um-lado-jogou-a-guerra-politica/ (“E olhe que eu sou ateu, como ele. Mas eu não sou neo-ateu, enquanto Arthur parece sê-lo (…)”)
Brown:
https://parade.com/106060/jameskaplan/13-dan-brown-life-after-da-vinci-code/ (“Are you religious? I was raised Episcopalian, and I was very religious as a kid. Then, in eighth or ninth grade, I studied astronomy, cosmology, and the origins of the universe. I remember saying to a minister, “I don’t get it. I read a book that said there was an explosion known as the Big Bang, but here it says God created heaven and Earth and the animals in seven days. Which is right?” Unfortunately, the response I got was, “Nice boys don’t ask that question.” A light went off, and I said, “The Bible doesn’t make sense. Science makes much more sense to me.” And I just gravitated away from religion. Are you a conspiracy theorist? Not in any way, shape, or form. I am much more of a skeptic. I don’t believe in UFOs or that the world is going to end in 2012. I think one reason my books have found mainstream success is that they’re written from a skeptical point of view. My protagonist, Robert Langdon, doesn’t buy into any of it. As an intelligent person, you can read them and say, “Oh, that’s cool–I wonder if it’s possible.” But you’re constantly connected with a character who thinks, “That’s ridiculous.” If I’m doing my job, what happens is that you, the skeptical reader, move through my stories and start to say, “Oh my God. Maybe. Maybe.””)
http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/movies/the-da-vinci-code/an-interview-with-dan-brown.aspx (“I consider myself a student of many religions. The more I learn, the more questions I have. For me, the spiritual quest will be a life-long work in progress.”)
https://istoe.com.br/infalivel-reprise-de-dan-brown/
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2017/10/1926555-deus-vai-desaparecer-diz-dan-brown-que-lanca-livro-em-frankfurt.shtml
Fisher:
Smith, Warren Allen (25 October 2000). Who’s Who in Hell. Barricade Books. ISBN 1-56980-158-4. “I would describe myself as an enthusiastic agnostic who would be happy to be shown that there is a God.”
LiloVLOG:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yD9–nemyA4 (Por que sou agnóstico?)
eGuinorante:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dA_T6rtKvb0, aos 2:22: “ah, porque você é ateu, você é ateu… O imbecil não sabe que na verdade é agnóstico…”
Couto:
https://www.facebook.com/miacoutooficial/photos/a.298941346819589.66688.298257536887970/1067112356669147/?type=1&theater (“Sou um branco que é africano; um ateu não praticante (…)”)
https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2014/09/1510805-me-tornei-poeta-no-chao-da-cozinha-diz-escritor-mia-couto.shtml (“Sobre religião, Couto definiu-se como “ateu não praticante”.”)
Costa:
https://www.dn.pt/portugal/interior/quem-e-antonio-costa-4899716.html (“Benfiquista, agnóstico, casado e com dois filhos, António Costa é definido como um político seguro de si…”)
Pitty:
https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/megazine/a-roqueira-pitty-que-faz-show-no-rio-fala-sobre-politica-drogas-rock-roll-numa-2960201 (“quando a conversa descambou para religião, se disse agnóstica: “Desconfio das religiões. Tudo o que é dogmático e castrativo me afasta”.”)
Osho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoJr-K5DH7Y (“Eu não acredito que Deus não exista. Eu tenho certeza. Ele não existe. E graças a Deus que Ele não exista, porque a existência de Deus teria criado tantos problemas, dificuldades, que a vida teria sido praticamente impossível.”)
Bosco:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qSNjp2bND4, aos 9:45: “eu, por exemplo, sou agnóstico.”
Pannunzio:
https://twitter.com/blogdopannunzio/status/1150754965822103552 (“Eu sou ateu, não sou cristão.”)
https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/justica-condena-jornalista-fabio-pannunzio-a-indenizar-bispo-macedo-e-universal-por-danos-morais-16122019 (“…o jornalista publicava comentários, como lamentar ‘o fato de ser ateu, porque se confortaria com a crença de que [o Bispo] Edir Macedo arderia no inferno para o resto da eternidade'”)
Mayer:
https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:sd5APen9klkJ:https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/33188-monica-bergamo.shtml+&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br&client=firefox-b-d (“Digamos que no primeiro ano eu ainda tivesse alguma fé (risos). Mas, a partir daí, eu já não acreditava em nada daquilo, eu era ateu mesmo. Sou sincrético, agnóstico.”)
Lee, Rita:
https://extra.globo.com/tv-e-lazer/sem-drogas-ha-15-anos-com-excecao-do-cigarro-rita-lee-relanca-livros-infantis-nunca-fui-bom-exemplo-mas-sou-gente-fina-24610169.html (“Nesse deus, em minúsculo mesmo, que a raça humana arrogantemente se vê como imagem e semelhança de, sou ateia.”)
Anderson, Ian:
https://www.loudersound.com/features/ian-anderson-interview-the-beginning-middle-and-end-of-jethro-tull?fbclid=IwAR3kHPOwPmIchkMiZd2MFeJKQnQzuheKEi7NdZdSloEdNFcRkstisQvW3ik (“I do not have faith. I believe in possibilities. I believe in probabilities. I have no time for certainties. Certainties are too close to delusion. I believe in Jesus of Nazareth as a slightly radical, bolshy Jewish prophet. I do not believe in Jesus the Christ. I believe in the wonderful story of The Bible, the ethics in the teachings, but I can’t offer myself as having faith. Agnosticism – on a scale of one to ten, you can put me down as about a six and a half. I’m edging towards ‘There could be something in all of this’, but I’m not pushing myself to resolve it any time soon.”)
Eastwood:
Gene Siskel, “Clint: The Cynical King who Outdrew the Duke,” Chicago Tribune, January 7, 1973. “No, I don’t believe in God.”
Candido:
https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2017/05/1883381-antonio-candido-foi-o-ultimo-dos-grandes-interpretes-do-brasil.shtml (“Apesar da profissão de fé desse ateu declarado, fixou-se em Antonio Candido a imagem de um crítico de feição sociológica (…)”)
Konkin III:
https://www.pulpless.com//sek3/ (“Though an atheist since 1970, SEK3 was a lifelong fan of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, attending many Mythopoeic Society functions, and serving on the Council of the Southern California C.S. Lewis Society for many years.”)
Murphy:
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DANNY’S+NEW+GOLDEN+BOY%3B+Exclusive+the+BIG+razz+interview+Cillian…-a0161223207 (“It got me thinking about life and religion, science vs religion and all that. I was verging on being an agnostic and this film confirmed any of the atheistic beliefs I had.”)
https://web.archive.org/web/20170720133443/https://www.gamesradar.com/killing-time-with-cillian-murphy/ (“It just seems to me to be irrational that there’s an omnipotent, omnipresent being who was there at the beginning, and will be there forever, it’s not logical, it doesn’t help me as a person and I can understand why faith can be very important for people, but for me at this point in my life, it’s not what I need.”)
Sacani:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvKWBH-jWLE (em 1:28: “Não, eu não acredito em Deus, cara; não acredito. Não tenho problema nenhum com a galera que acredita e nada, mas eu não acredito.”)
Estratégias Em Um Novo Paradigma Globalizado 
Faltou o meu nome aí.
Ernesto Geisel sempre foi da Igreja Luterano, nunca foi agnóstico
Uma coisa não exclui a outra. Tem muita gente que não acredita em Deus ou pelo menos duvida de sua existência (agnóstico) e vai à igreja mesmo assim, só para manter aparência. Ainda mais ele, que era militar e presidente do país, vivia de imagem. Confira a fonte.
“Luterano por hábito familiar, o general era um agnóstico discreto e anticlerical assumido. Acreditava quando muito na existência de uma força criadora do universo, a qual, no entanto, seria um ente da física, não uma divindade. Nunca se dirigira ao sobrenatural. Entendia as religiões como sacrários de princípios. Lembrava-se dos padres de Bento Gonçalves ameaçando com o inferno quem entrasse em templo protestante, da professora primária ensinando que a Santa Madre era a Igreja “única e verdadeira”. Em condições normais, Geisel era anticlerical por agnóstico. Com uma Igreja na oposição, à sua esquerda, por convicção.”
Fonte: http://redept.org/uploads/biblioteca/4ecd64aa07771ed7bacfffb8d0327518.pdf
Tolstoi era panteísta? Que eu saiba ele era cristão, embora a Igreja Ortodoxa tenha o excomungado pelas suas ideias divergentes. E quanto ao Machado de Assis, ele era católico, inclusive foi coroinha. Uma professora cujo nome não lembro fez uma pesquisa sobre sua posição religiosa. Na sua biblioteca pessoal havia uma grande coleção de livros de teologia católica, além de ter como livros de cabeceira Eclesiastes e Pensamentos de Blaise Pascal.
Há um livro inteiro falando apenas sobre a relação de Tolstói com Deus, que era mais complexa para analisar e explicar do que a de seu contemporâneo Dostoiévski, um teísta assumido. Veja aqui um trecho: https://books.google.de/books?id=R5io1iMwY4MC&pg=PA177&dq=%22tolstoy%27s%20pantheism%22#v=onepage&q=%22tolstoy's%20pantheism%22&f=false
Quanto a Machado de Assis, a classificação de “irreligioso” se deveu à quase completa ausência de temas religiosos em seus escritos, à sua relação complicada com religião (alguns diriam até desdenhosa) enquanto vivo e sua recusa em receber a extrema-unção na hora da morte porque seria “hipocrisia”. Machado foi chamado por estudiosos de sua vida de “vagamente religioso” na adolescência, “anticlerical”, “liberal”, “livre-pensador”, “crítico da religião” e descrito como dono de uma “aversão à crença religiosa”. Um dos autores afirma que na maioridade ele perdeu a fé por completo. Há estudos inteiros só sobre a religiosidade de Machado, que não chegou a ser considerado por nenhum especialista como “ateu” ou “agnóstico” de fato. Veja as fontes:
http://www.revista.vestibular.uerj.br/coluna/coluna.php?seq_coluna=65
http://www.academia.edu/2629825/A_Paix%C3%A3o_segundo_o_Bruxo_Machado_de_Assis_e_as_co_memora%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Semana_Santa
http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/21474/000736614.pdf?sequence=1
Bem, a julgar pela dedicação a Stalin, Fidel e Mao, umas das três pessoas mais cruéis e sanguinárias da história, de fato, ser ateu é uma atenuante (risos). Nosso querido Nietzsche… um ex religioso, se frustrou com o deus religião. Todos os ateus praticam reducionismo… pois para eles a religião é um deus. Cada um de vocês sabem que existe um Deus, mas infelizmente, os religiosos contribuem para idiotizar essa verdade. Mirando o catolicismo, protestantismo, islamismo… não daria para crer, mesmo. No entanto, Deus existe e vocês sabem disso. Isso é latente em cada um de vocês.
“Deus existe e vocês sabem disso.” – Agora, sim, eu fui convencido. Realmente, um grande poder de persuasão no seu discurso.
Caro Klaus, não se trata de persuasão, e sim, abstração. Deus não existe, Ele é. Como eu disse, você é o seu deus. O fato de afirmar que o Deus fora de você não existe é antitético. Leia Marcelo Gleiser, físico teórico e cosmólogo brasileiro, e se surpreenda. Muito bom o seu site; quuanto mais visito, mais vejo que Deus é. Tudo de bom!
Nunca vi uma lista tão mentirosa: o Schordinger não era ateu, ele acreditava que “esse mundo era irreal, como os Vedas haviam ilustrado” e era bastante adepto da religiosidade oriental. O Roger Penrose foi quem lançou uma Teoria Física sobre “a existência da Alma conectada ao universo”. Chama isso de ateu? Daqui a pouco Newton e Planck vão para a “lista de ateus” desse site.
Que feio. Sequer viu as fontes no final do artigo, todas cuidadosamente selecionadas e disponibilizadas para conferência. E diga-se de passagem, tudo que afirmo na lista vem delas, nada é mera opinião minha. Se quer discutir com alguém, discuta com os biógrafos dos gênios que você citou.
Com relação a Schrödinger, há nada menos 4 fontes fiáveis. Uma delas diz “He claimed to be an atheist, but he always used religious symbolism…” e outra diz “He was known as a freethinker who did not believe in god. But interestingly Schrodinger had a deep connection to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Eastern philosophy in general. Erwin studied numerous books on Eastern thought as well as the Hindu scriptures. He was enthralled with Vedanta thought and connected ideas of oneness and unity of mind with his research on quantum physics, specifically wave mechanics.”
E sobre Penrose, a confissão de ateísmo veio do próprio: “I’m not a believer myself. I don’t believe in established religions of any kind. I would say I’m an atheist”
Newton e Planck eram notadamente religiosos e certamente teístas.
“A experiência mística é duplamente valiosa; é valiosa porque proporciona ao experimentador uma melhor compreensão de si mesmo e do mundo e porque pode ajudá-lo a levar uma vida menos egocêntrica e criativa” (Aldous Huxley) Agnóstico com “experiência mística” é algo que eu nunca tinha ouvido falar. Eu não sou cristão e nem seguidor de uma religião específica, apenas um amante da verdade.
Nesse critério utilizado para definir “ateísmo e agnosticismo”, se bobear, dá para incluir até Jesus Cristo.
Um ano antes de sua morte, Huxley escreveu: “I remain an agnostic who aspires to be a gnostic”
Você, como a maioria, confunde agnosticismo, ateísmo, misticismo e espiritualidade. NADA impede que um ateu ou agnóstico se interesse por religiões, metafísica, o sobrenatural ou paranormal… Não é preciso crer para ter interesse por algo. Se Huxley era agnóstico e gostava de “experiências místicas” (que sequer sabemos exatamente o que querem dizer; podem ser um monte de coisas), qual o problema?
bela bosta saber isso. Um dia veremos toda a verdade. Será tarde para os “sábios” ateus.
Olá, Carlos Eduardo Callegaris Dovigues. Obrigado pelo seu amor e sua compreensão tipicamente cristãos. Desejo o mesmo para você e os clientes da sua livraria Bom Pastor, que deve vender livros muito amorosos e compreensivos.